Deck 18: Personality

Question 1

Which of the following was NOT listed amongst the four key concepts in the definition of personality offered by the text?

A) Stable
B) Universal
C) Internal
D) Consistent
E) Different

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The Twenty Statements Test asks individuals to provide descriptions of their:

A) Self-concept
B) Daily habits
C) Social network
D) Cortisol levels
E) Childhood development

Answer 2

A

Question 3

On personality questionnaires, the bogus pipeline is used to reduce:

A) Fundamental attribution error
B) Confirmation bias
C) Self-serving bias
D) False consensus effect
E) Social desirability bias

Answer 3

E

Question 4

McCrae and Costa's (1990) finding that ratings obtained from spouses largely agreed with self-report primarily served to demonstrate the measure's:

A) Validity
B) Reliability
C) Inheritability
D) Falsifiability
E) Internal consistency

Question 5

Whose adoption of the lexical hypothesis directly led to the creation of the 16PF test?

A) Allport
B) Freud
C) Cattell
D) Eysenck
E) Bandura

Question 6

When Barrett and Kline (1982) gave the 16PF to nearly 500 participants, they found evidence for about how many underlying personality factors?

A) 2 to 3
B) 24 to 25
C) 15 to 16
D) 4 to 5
E) 7 to 9

Question 7

According to H.J. Eysenck's trait theory, those scoring high on psychoticism are most associated with which type of trait?

A) Cold
B) Aggressive
C) Impersonal
D) Egocentric
E) All of these

Question 8

According to H.J. Eysenck (1982), genetic factors account for roughly what fraction of individual differences in the three major superfactors he identified?

A) One third
B) One half
C) Two thirds
D) One eighth
E) Seven eighths

Question 9

Gale (1983) provided evidence that, compared to extraverts, introverts generally:

A) Are more cortically aroused
B) Have stronger negative emotions
C) Have higher activation of the visceral brain
D) Have higher activation of the amygdala
E) Are more inclined to enjoy stimulating situations

Question 10

The most influential Big Five theorists are:

A) Heine and Buchtel
B) Eysenck and Eysenck
C) Freud and Jung
D) McCrae and Costa
E) Raymond and Cattell

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?

A) Extraversion
B) Openness
C) Conscientiousness
D) Sociability
E) Agreeableness

Question 12

In which of the Big Five personality traits do genetic factors seem to play the strongest role in accounting for individual variation?

A) Extraversion
B) Openness
C) Conscientiousness
D) Neuroticism
E) Agreeableness

Question 13

What major assumption of the Big Five model was called into question by the findings of Van der Linden et al. (2010)?

A) Individual differences in each trait depend largely on genetic factors
B) The factors are all independent
C) People's behaviour is relatively consistent over time
D) The factors are measurable
E) Individuals should behave in ways reasonably consistent with their personality

Question 14

According to Mõttus et al. (2019) what does the Big Five model not account for?

A) The influence of parents on personality
B) The influence of peers on personality
C) The role of evolution and environment in shaping personality
D) The effect of context on personality
E) The complex interactions between genes and environment

Question 15

Which explanation of personality did Mischel (1968) suggest?

A) Neuro-developmental
B) Adaptationism
C) Situationism
D) Nativism
E) Empiricism

Question 16

Which of these is NOT one of a number of criticisms levelled at Mischel?

A) His explanation is speculation only
B) Genetic factors account for approximately 30% - 40% of individual differences in personality
C) If self-reports and other-ratings both lack validity, it follows correlations between self-reports and other-ratings should be very low, when they are in fact high
D) Personality and situational factors are not independent influences on behaviour
E) He provided no real evidence for situational factors

Question 17

Bandura (1977) termed the beliefs individuals have concerning their ability to cope with a particular task and achieve the desired outcome:

A) Judgmental processes
B) Self-regulation
C) Self-observation
D) Self-efficacy
E) Self-reaction

Question 18

Which of these was not identified by Bandura (1977) as a factor in self-efficacy?

A) The individual's experiences of success and/or failure in that situation
B) Genetic factors influencing self-efficacy
C) Seeing someone else cope successfully with that situation, will increase your self-efficacy beliefs
D) Level of self-efficacy increases if someone argues persuasively you have the necessary skills to succeed in that situation
E) Self-efficacy is reduced if you experience the high level of arousal associated with anxiety and failure

Question 19

The text reports that Kitsantas (2000) found all of the following to be true of their participants, EXCEPT:

A) Self-evaluation of progress was used far less by overweight students than by the other groups
B) Overweight students who didn't lose weight used fewer self-regulation strategies than the other groups
C) Self-reaction was entirely divorced from personal standards in all three groups
D) Overweight students who didn't lose weight had lower levels of self-efficacy than the other groups
E) The use of several self-regulation strategies was only effective when combined with high self-efficacy

Question 20

Which aspect of personality did Gold (2020) identify as key to successful weight loss and maintenance?

A) Sociability
B) Perfectionism
C) Neuroticism
D) Openness
E) Conscientiousness