Deck 14: Prosocial Behaviour

Question 1

The form of pro-social behaviour that is motivated by the desire to help someone else, despite potentially being costly to the actor is called:

A) Sympathy
B) Cooperation
C) Affection
D) Empathy
E) Altruism

Answer 1

E

Question 2

According to Zahn-Waxler et al.'s (1992) account, children between 13 and 20 months of age did show empathic concern when someone else's distress wasn't caused by them in which percentage of cases?

A) 5
B) 3
C) 1
D) 30
E) 10

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The type of helping studied by Svetlova et al. (2010) in which one helps another person to achieve an action-based goal is termed:

A) Altruistic
B) Empathic
C) Instrumental
D) Affected
E) Transitional

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Knafo-Noam et al.'s (2015) findings on prosocial behaviour in twins suggested that approximately what percentage of individual differences in empathy depended on genetic factors?

A) 50
B) 69
C) 75
D) 5
E) 62

Question 5

Which of the following was a factor suggested by Trivers (1971) to encourage reciprocal altruism?

A) The person helped will be unable to respond altruistically in future
B) The costs of helping are fairly high
C) The benefits of helping are low
D) Cheaters can be easily identified
E) The individuals must be related

Question 6

According to Fellner and Marshall's (1981) findings, what percentage of people would donate a kidney to their parents?

A) 50
B) 86
C) 67
D) 33
E) 25

Question 7

According to Fehr and Fischbacher (2003), individuals behave altruistically even when those they help are unlikely to reciprocate because the helpers:

A) Gain a reputation for behaving altruistically
B) Are genetically predisposed to take risks
C) Fear reprisals if they do not act
D) Do not fully understand the risks
E) Have fallen victim to the gambler's fallacy

Question 8

Which individual differences did Thielmann et al. (2020) find best predicted pro-social behaviour?

A) Kindness and empathy
B) Intelligence and kindness
C) Social conscience and honesty
D) Honesty and empathy
E) Honesty/humility or agreeableness

Question 9

What approximate percentage gap did Whiting and Whiting (1975) find between the most and least altruistic cultures?

A) 0.85
B) 0.9
C) 0.65
D) 70&
E) 0.8

Question 10

What did Klein et al. (2015) find about the extent of generosity or selfishness shown?

A) The extent of generosity is given more focus than selfishness
B) The extent of selfishness is given more focus than generosity
C) There is no difference in the focus given to the extent of selfishness and generosity
D) The extent of generosity or selfishness is not important
E) The extent of generosity and selfishness were impossible to measure

Question 11

Which of the following is true, according the literature cited on the topic of television programming and children's behaviour?

A) Neither pro-social nor violent programmes have been shown to have any effect on children's behaviour
B) The effect of violent programmes on aggressive behaviour is greater than the effect of pro-social programmes on pro-social behaviour
C) The effects of pro-social and violent programmes on pro-social and aggressive behaviours, respectively, are comparable
D) The effect of pro-social programmes on pro-social behaviour is greater than the effect of violent programmes on aggressive behaviour
E) Pro-social programmes tend to encourage violent behaviour in children

Question 12

Greitemeyer and Osswald (2010) concluded that playing pro-social video games made pro-social thoughts:

A) More accessible
B) Less accessible
C) Invalid
D) Undesirable
E) Redundant

Question 13

Krvans and Gibbs (1996) observed that the average percentage of occasions on which children showed altruistic behaviour was how many times higher when the mother used emotional explanations than when she did not?

A) Six times
B) Three times
C) Four times
D) Five times
E) Two times

Question 14

In contrast to initial reports, how many eyewitnesses ACTUALLY saw Kitty Genovese get stabbed?

A) 38
B) 10
C) 1
D) 3
E) 20

Question 15

Darley and Latané attributed the failure of bystanders to help Kitty Genovese to which of the following?

A) False consensus effect
B) Costs of helping
C) Rewards of helping
D) Diffusion of responsibility
E) Belief perseverance

Question 16

Which of the following was put forward by the text as a factor that influences the behaviour of bystanders?

A) The skills/expertise of the bystanders
B) The bystanders' similarity to the victim
C) The bystanders' activities leading up to the event
D) The perceived deservingness of the victim
E) All of these

Question 17

According to Liebst et al. (2019) how many more times are bystanders likely to intervene if they have a social relationship with those involved?

A) 10x
B) 20x
C) 30x
D) 40x
E) 50x

Question 18

Which of model of bystander behaviour was proposed by Piliavin et al.'s (1981)?

A) Reward: arousal-cost model
B) Arousal: cost-reward model
C) Cost: reward-arousal model
D) Arousal: expertise- arousal model
E) Arousal: expertise-cost model

Question 19

Within Piliavin et al.'s (1981) model, praise from the victim is most fittingly considered a:

A) Reward of helping
B) Reward of not helping
C) Cost of not helping
D) Primacy effect
E) Limiting reagent

Question 20

Which victim characteristic did Levine et al. (2002) find to be of key importance?

A) Bystander had a social relationship with the victim.
B) Bystander had no knowledge of the victim
C) Victim and bystander belonged to same in-group
D) The victim was the opposite gender to the bystander.
E) The victim was younger than the bystander.