Deck 13: Prejudice and Discrimination

Question 1

Prejudice differs from discrimination primarily in that prejudice refers to:

A) Slurs
B) Behaviours
C) Actions
D) Laws
E) Attitudes

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Allport's (1954) first stage of discrimination involves:

A) Anti-locution
B) Avoidance
C) Discrimination
D) Physical attack
E) Extermination

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Swim et al. (1995) identified how many main ways in which modern racism manifests itself?

A) Seven
B) Two
C) Four
D) Five
E) Three

Answer 3

E

Question 4

A stereotype is described in the text as which component of prejudice?

A) Emotional
B) Cognitive
C) Attitudinal
D) Affective
E) Behavioural

Question 5

Which of these reasons for stereotypes differing in accuracy is not given in the text?

A) Stereotypes are based on a small number of observations
B) Involve groups evoking strong emotions
C) Lack knowledge of the stereotyped group
D) Positively biased when assessing the national character of their own country
E) Negatively biased when assessing the national character of another country with which they have been at war

Question 6

Cunningham et al. (2001) developed which test?

A) Hidden Figure
B) Implicit Association
C) Biased Reasoning
D) Prisoner's Dilemma
E) Confirmation Bias

Question 7

Cunningham et al. (2001) found that reaction times were faster for the condition in which white faces and black faces were paired with which types of words, respectively?

A) Good; bad
B) Bad; good
C) Conscious; unconscious
D) Unconscious; conscious
E) Explicit; alliterative

Question 8

One of the major functions of stereotypes identified in the text is to reduce which of the following?

A) Bias
B) Differences between ourselves and other groups
C) Animosity
D) Processing effort
E) Reciprocity

Question 9

Adorno et al. (1950) claimed that individuals with which type of personality are the ones most likely to be prejudiced?

A) Extraverted
B) Introverted
C) Authoritarian
D) Totalitarian
E) Collectivist

Question 10

The statement, "Most of our social problems would be solved if we could somehow get rid of the immoral, crooked, and feeble-minded people," is an item on a scale developed by Adorno et al. (1950) that goes by which name?

A) Prejudice
B) A
C) Morality
D) F
E) Eugenics

Question 11

Which personality trait studied by Adorno et al.'s (1950) scale most precisely relates to being intolerant of behaviour that is "wrong" in any way?

A) Anti-inception
B) Projectivity
C) Conventionalism
D) Submissiveness
E) Cynicism

Question 12

Sherif's (1966) theory suggested that prejudice arises specifically when two groups:

A) Speak different languages
B) Cooperate to achieve a shared goal
C) Compete for the same goal
D) Share less than 80% of genes
E) Don't interact at all

Question 13

The Eagles and the Rattlers were two groups in a study reported by Sherif et al. (1961) that was called:

A) West Side Story
B) Stanford Prison
C) Good Samaritan
D) Bystander Apathy
E) Robbers Cave

Question 14

Tyerman and Spencer (1983) argued that what factor can protect groups from prejudice?

A) Realistic conflict
B) Satiety
C) Pre-existing friendship
D) Similar hair colours
E) Shared first initials

Question 15

According to social identity theory prejudice is a result of our:

A) In group bias
B) Learned identity
C) Rivalry with other groups
D) Social Identity
E) Group dynamics

Question 16

In contrast to the predictions of social identity theory, Mullen et al. (1992) found that members of poorly regarded minority groups displayed what towards more highly regarded outgroups?

A) Apathy
B) Aggression
C) Kinship
D) Impartiality
E) Favouritism

Question 17

According to Allport's (1954) hypothesis, which of the following was NOT suggested as a requirement to successfully reduce prejudice through increased social contact?

A) A formal apology from both groups
B) The two groups have equal status within the contact situation
C) The two groups are working towards common goals
D) Efforts to achieve goals are based on intergroup cooperation
E) There exists formal institutional support for intergroup acceptance

Question 18

Tropp and Pettigrew's (2005) review revealed that the beneficial effects of intergroup contact on reducing prejudice were:

A) Greater for groups that are most aware of their lower status
B) Greater for minority than majority groups
C) Equivalent for minority and majority groups
D) Greater for majority than minority groups
E) Non-existent for both minority and majority groups

Question 19

Recategorisation is associated with which approach according to Hahn et al. (2015)?

A) Multiculturalism
B) Colour-blind
C) Group rebranding
D) Group segregation
E) Embracing differences

Question 20

Which of these were not found by White et al. (2014) in their dual-identity recategorisation study?

A) Reduction in prejudice towards members of the other religion in the recategorisation group than the control group
B) Reduced prejudice was maintained over time
C) Stronger evidence of reduced prejudice among the Muslim students than the Christian ones
D) Reduced anxiety and forming of friendships supported prejudice reduction
E) Findings were difficult to draw due to significant sample drop-off