Deck 12: Attachment and Deprivation

Question 1

Out of the 44 infants that were studied by Weston and Main (1981), what percentage were securely attached to BOTH parents?

A) 22
B) 40
C) 30
D) 25
E) 5

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Ainsworth and Bell (1970) developed which test to assess attachment types in infants?

A) Strange Situation
B) Visual cliff
C) Sally-Anne
D) Three mountains
E) Mother-daughter developmental inventory (MDDI)

Answer 2

A

Question 3

According to Ainsworth and Bell's terminology, which attachment style would be associated with an infant who doesn't seek contact with the mother and shows little distress when separated from her?

A) Avoidant
B) Resistant
C) Secure
D) Reluctant
E) Disorganised

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Approximately 10% of American infants can be classified as exhibiting which attachment style, according to Ainsworth and Bell (1970)?

A) Reluctant
B) Secure
C) Resistant
D) Disorganised
E) Avoidant

Question 5

The major advance made by Fraley and Spieker (2003) came in their suggestion that it was possible to account for individual differences in attachment by using:

A) Self-report
B) Categories
C) Genotyping
D) Dimensions
E) Neuroimaging

Question 6

Which of these criticisms was NOT made of the maternal sensitivity hypothesis?

A) Exaggerates the mother's role
B) Ignores paternal sensitivity
C) Maternal stimulation was ignored
D) Maternal attitude was ignored
E) Researcher bias may have exaggerated the effect

Question 7

Which of the following possible positive associations with heightened security of infant attachment is NOT supported by evidence discussed in the text?

A) Maternal positive attitude towards her baby
B) Maternal sensitivity
C) Maternal stimulation of her infant
D) Maternal anxiety
E) Paternal sensitivity

Question 8

In the research by Sagi et al. (1991), infants from which nation were least likely to be securely attached but most likely to be anxious and avoidant?

A) Japan
B) Germany
C) Israel
D) United States
E) Spain

Question 9

According to Bowlby's (1951) claim, negative effects of maternal deprivation were permanent or irreversible in approximately what percentage of children?

A) 0
B) 5
C) 25
D) 50
E) 75

Question 10

According to Bowlby, which age represents the upper limit of the period in which infants must form a strong attachment if their later development is to be satisfactory?

A) 7 years
B) 5 years
C) 3 years
D) 3 months
E) 1 month

Question 11

Which of Bowlby's hypotheses is most associated with the specific postulation that infants form only one strong attachment?

A) Privation
B) Critical periodicity
C) Maternal deprivation
D) Singularity
E) Monotropy

Question 12

On what grounds did Rutter (1981) criticise Bowlby's theory?

A) Researcher bias
B) Does not consider different developmental experiences
C) Sample size
D) Lack of evidence
E) Difficult to assess deprivation

Question 13

Which symptoms were found by Mackes et al. (2020) in the 20-year follow- up of the Romanian refugees?

A) Lower IQ scores and ADHD symptoms
B) Reactive attachment disorder and ADHD symptoms
C) Physical stunting and lower IQ scores
D) Reactive attachment disorder and physical stunting
E) ADHD symptoms and physical stunting

Question 14

What percentage of children spend over 40 hours per week in non-parent care in the United States according to the text?

A) 0.5
B) 0.6
C) 0.3
D) 0.2
E) 0.8

Question 15

The so-called adjustment phase is usually reached about how many years after divorce?

A) 5
B) 2
C) 1
D) 3
E) 7

Question 16

Lansford (2009) focused on which factor as a predictor of the negative effects of divorce on children?

A) Receptive vocabulary size
B) The amount of television consumed per day
C) The number of married neighbours
D) Their age at the time of the divorce
E) Tendency to play violent video games

Question 17

Hetherington and Kelly (2002) reported that the percentage of children with divorced parents who had serious long-term social, emotional, or psychological problems was approximately:

A) 10
B) 15
C) 25
D) 50
E) 75

Question 18

According Harrison and Ungerer (2002) there is still some suggestion that extensive day care for infants in the first year of life can have adverse effects, especially if:

A) The care occurs outside of the child's home
B) Grandparents or other relatives care for the child
C) The other children in care are of the same race
D) The other children in care are of the same gender
E) The mother is reluctant to go out to work

Question 19

Erel et al.'s (2000) review of studies on the effects of day care found that day care had a significant effect on which of the following measures of child development?

A) None of these
B) Cognitive development
C) Attachment behaviours
D) Mother-child interaction
E) Adjustment

Question 20

According to Huston et al (2015) the effects of extensive day care on children's negative behaviour are:

A) Depression and anxiety
B) Slight increases in aggression and reduced self-control
C) insecure attachment and reduced sociability
D) Sensitivity and attention seeking
E) Verbal aggression and tantrums