Deck 5: Protein: The Cellular Foundation

Question 1

Tissue building,maintenance,and repair are physiologic roles of proteins and carbohydrates because both nutrients provide essential amino acids necessary for these functions.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Answer 1

Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 2

Indispensable amino acids are essential for the body but are not required in the diet.Dispensable amino acids are not essential for the body but contribute to protein formation in various ways.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Answer 2

Both statements are false.

Question 3

MyPlate recommends 3 oz of cooked lean meat,poultry,or fish daily.A small chicken drumstick or thigh is equivalent to 3 oz of meat.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Answer 3

Both statements are false.

Question 4

Each statement is true of the physiologic role of protein,except one.Which is the exception?

A) The amount of essential amino acid furnished by a food determines its ability to support growth.
B) Protein is present in muscle and connective tissue cells only.
C) Body proteins are continuously being broken down and replaced.
D) Amino acids and proteins are constituents of hormones, enzymes, and other body secretions.

Question 5

Amino acids combine with each other to form polypeptides,which are components of food and body proteins.The number of amino acids in a protein varies between 10 and 25,but each protein has a specific number.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 6

An edentulous patient dislikes eating meat.What substitutions could the dental hygienist suggest to provide the most protein intake?

A) Milk
B) Grains
C) Fruits
D) Vegetables

Question 7

The substance that is most supportive of bones and teeth is:

A) hemoglobin.
B) collagen.
C) insulin.
D) pepsin.

Question 8

Each is a characteristic manifestation of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG),except one.Which is the exception?

A) Gingival erythema
B) Necrosis of interdental papilla
C) Marasmus
D) Metallic taste and foul odor

Question 9

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)may be responsible for increased incidence of noma and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)because these conditions are associated with depressed immune responses caused by nutritional deficiencies.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 10

The distinguishing feature of amino acids is the amine group.This nitrogen source is not present in carbohydrates but is present in fats and many vitamins.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 11

Each is a combination of plant proteins that creates a complete protein,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Black beans and rice
B) Peanut butter sandwich
C) Lentil and quinoa stew
D) Spinach and tofu salad
E) Cereal and dairy milk

Question 12

During some food processing procedures,the amino acid lysine is bound to the protein within cereal.This fortification procedure increases bioavailability of protein from the cereal.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 13

The chemical structure of proteins is different from that of fats and carbohydrates because proteins contain nitrogen but not carbon.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 14

Analysis of a vegan's diet reveals that the patient has not been consuming any vitamin B₁₂.Which is an inappropriate dietary intervention?

A) Brewer's yeast
B) White chicken breast
C) Soy-fermented tempeh
D) Fortified breakfast cereal

Question 15

Each statement regarding protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)is true,except one.Which is the exception?

A) PEM is usually accompanied by other nutritional deficiencies.
B) PEM affects the whole body.
C) PEM during prenatal and postnatal stages can be reversed through proper nutrition during early childhood.
D) PEM can be caused by impaired digestion or absorption of protein.

Question 16

The type of vegetarian most at risk for nutrient deficiencies is the:

A) vegan.
B) lacto-ovo vegetarian.
C) ovo-vegetarian.
D) pollo-vegetarian.
E) semi-vegetarian.

Question 17

A patient presents the following meal pattern of a typical day.This individual is most likely what type of vegetarian? *Breakfast
1 medium orange
Cup oatmeal
Cup sliced almonds
1 tsp margarine
1 cup soy milk
*Lunch
1 cup cooked black beans
1 6-inch tostada
2 slices of tomato
1 leaf of lettuce
1 medium banana
1 cup soy milk
*Dinner
1 cup bean soup
1 cup raw spinach leaves
1 slice rye bread
1 tsp margarine
1 cup pears
1 cup soy milk

A) Vegan
B) Lacto-ovo-vegetarian
C) Ovo-vegetarian

Question 18

Macaroni and cheese is an example of contributory proteins because the deficiencies in amino acids of one component are offset by the adequacies of another.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 19

If a low-quality protein is the only protein source ingested,it cannot support life or normal growth.High-quality proteins are well balanced in their essential amino acid content.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 20

Poor nutrition results in delayed eruption and exfoliation of deciduous teeth and increased dental caries.Increased caries susceptibility in at-risk children may be related to changes in salivary composition caused by malnutrition.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 21

Patients with periodontal disease might require increased protein intake because the physiologic response to inflammation and infection can negatively affect protein synthesis.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 22

The vegan diet requires supplementation or fortification of:

A) vitamin B12.
B) vitamin C.
C) potassium.
D) folate.
E) magnesium.

Question 23

Each is true of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA),except one.Which is the exception?

A) sIgA levels are depressed in malnourished children.
B) sIgA is rarely found in the oral cavity.
C) This secretion provides the first line of defense in the oral cavity.
D) sIgA is present in nasal, intestinal and other mucosal secretions.

Question 24

Which food is most likely to contribute to protein deficiency?

A) Milk
B) Legumes
C) Meat
D) Cheese
E) Eggs

Question 25

In a 2-oz cooked serving,which food supplies the least protein?

A) Light meat chicken
B) Dark meat chicken
C) Lean pork chop
D) Lean cut of beef

Question 26

Per kilogram of body weight,which group has the lowest RDA for protein?

A) Infants
B) Children
C) Pregnant women
D) Men

Question 27

Each is a manifestation of protein deficiency,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Frequent or extended periods of fasting
B) Medications that cause anorexia
C) Abnormal food intake
D) Oily hair

Question 28

Although it is controversial as to whether high-protein diets are excessive in content,scientific research has established each fact,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Less muscle is lost with higher protein diets.
B) Satiation is increased.
C) Thermogenesis is decreased.
D) Energy efficiency is decreased.

Question 29

Prognosis for a protein-deficient patient undergoing periodontal surgery is reduced because excess nitrogen reduces the ability of the periodontium to withstand stress of surgery.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 30

Which group is least susceptible to insufficient intake of protein?

A) The elderly
B) Individuals with low income
C) Adults participating in endurance exercise
D) Patients who are chronically ill

Question 31

Which is NOT recommended for a patient who wishes to lose weight and eat a more healthy diet?

A) Include two servings every day of food that supply n-3 fats.
B) Use meat substitutes to reduce dietary sodium.
C) Adequate vitamin D can be obtained through sun exposure, fortified foods, or supplements.
D) Eat a variety of protein foods including unsalted nuts and seeds.
E) When possible, substitute beans for at least half of the meat in burritos, pasta, stir fry and the like.

Question 32

In most cases,digestibility and nutritional value are adversely affected by cooking procedures.Although cooking makes egg albumin more readily digestible,cooking soybeans decreases amino acid bioavailability.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 33

The physiologic role of proteins does NOT include:

A) resistance to disease.
B) regulation of fluid balance.
C) repair of tissue.
D) providing the primary source of energy.

Question 34

During protein deficiency,a decreased amount of protein in the blood causes an accumulation of fluids within the blood vessels because a loss of osmotic balance occurs.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 35

In patients with liver and kidney disease,increased levels of protein are recommended because these organs require continual cellular and tissue rebuilding that only protein can provide.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 36

The intake of 193 g/day of protein is the highest level recommended because consumption above this level can jeopardize adequate intakes of nutrients from other food sources.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.