Deck 15: Nutritional Requirements for Older Adults and Eating Habits Affecting Oral Health

Question 1

Gingival recession predisposes teeth to root caries because the enamel covering the root becomes roughed as it is exposed to the oral environment.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Answer 1

The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.

Question 2

The primary cause of confusion in older hospitalized patients is thought to be:

A) malnutrition.
B) atropic gastritis.
C) dehydration.
D) sarcopenia.

Answer 2

dehydration.

Question 3

Regardless of diet,sodium should be restricted.Milk-based food supplements are economical and can help prevent nutrient deficiencies.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Answer 3

The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 4

Each is true of vitamin D requirements,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high in homebound or institutional patients.
B) Aging skin may not synthesize vitamin D efficiently.
C) As many as half of older adults could be deficient in vitamin D.
D) Older patients do not synthesize vitamin D.
E) Adequate calcium in addition to vitamin D is important.

Question 5

The most common nutritional disorder in older adults is cardiovascular disease.Dietary quality and obesity are two modifiable health risks and behaviors that can improve longevity and quality of life.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 6

Which are associated with malnutrition in older adults? (Select all that apply.)

A) Use of a salivary substitute
B) Impaired immune response
C) Delayed wound healing
D) Eating slowly
E) Greater length of hospital stays

Question 7

Older individuals differ from one another in physiologic and health status more than any other age group because chronologic age and functional capacity generally correlate closely.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 8

With aging,intra-abdominal fat increases more than subcutaneous or total body fat.A slightly higher basal metabolic rate (BMR)seems to be protective in maintaining immunity to diseases.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 9

Which dental condition does NOT increase the risk of malnutrition in older adults?

A) Loss of teeth
B) Edentulous status
C) Conventional dentures
D) Dysphagia
E) Homeostatic mechanisms

Question 10

Metabolism to maintain body functions in older adults requires several different nutrients because energy needs and metabolic rates are lower in older adults than in younger adults.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 11

Most patients with xerostomia eat significant portions of vegetables because crunchy foods stimulate salivary flow.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 12

Cariogenic food choices can increase in patients with hypogeusia because gustatory and olfactory sensitivities increase.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 13

Requirements for folate are increased in older adults because a deficiency in this mineral may increase risk of cancer mortality.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 14

Which circumstance facilitates the consumption of adequate fruits and vegetables?

A) Social isolation
B) Moderate income level
C) Missing pairs of posterior teeth
D) Obesity

Question 15

Patients with xerostomia benefit from lemon glycerin swabs to moisten mucosa because the glycerin contains an alcohol and the swab is flavored with lemon.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 16

Adhering to low-sodium or diabetes dietary guidelines is difficult for patients with anosmia.Root caries are prevalent in patients with xerostomia,a condition that affects half of all older adults.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 17

Each increases the susceptibility for foodborne illness,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Compromised immune system
B) Increased secretion of gastric hydrochloric acid
C) Reduced sense of smell
D) Reduced sense of taste

Question 18

Each nutritional direction is appropriate for older adults,except one.Which one is the exception?

A) If xerostomia is present, use artificial saliva products or sugarless gum containing xylitol.
B) Suggest fluid, sauces, or gravies for patients with compromised natural dentition or xerostomia.
C) Take vitamin supplements that provide 100% or more of the RDI.
D) Increase protein intake as well as vitamins B6 and B12.
E) Exercise moderately.

Question 19

Generally,patients who wear dentures have reduced masticatory efficiency.Mandibular implant-supported dentures can have positive effects on the clinical aspects of mastication and swallowing.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 20

Approximately 36% of older adults take five or more prescription drugs and multiple dietary supplements.Mature renal and liver function in older adults facilitates clearance of medications from the body.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 21

Which are accurate regarding calcium balance as it relates to alveolar bone health? (Select all that apply.)

A) Calcium is rarely obtained from trabecular bone.
B) Loss of calcium from the maxilla and mandible result in negative calcium balance.
C) The maxilla and mandible are primarily trabecular bone.
D) Alveolar bone is maintained in response to chewing.
E) In edentulous patients, accelerated bone resorption causes decreased bone height.

Question 22

Weight gain secondary to edema can result in: (Select all that apply.)

A) tight-fitting dentures.
B) oral ulcerations.
C) malnutrition.
D) loose-fitting dentures.

Question 23

Dehydration can cause: (Select all that apply.)

A) loose-fitting dentures.
B) increased dental caries.
C) decreased efficiency of homeostatic mechanisms.
D) edema.
E) confusion.

Question 24

Which are sound nutritional directives for older adults? (Select all that apply.)

A) Daily multivitamin-mineral supplementation provides immune protection.
B) Calcium supplements should not be more than 1000 mg/day.
C) Vitamin D supplements should be limited to less than 4000 IU/day.
D) Vitamin B12 supplementation may improve cognitive function.

Question 25

An understanding of the dietary concerns of older adults enables dental hygienists to provide optimal therapy to this growing demographic. Match the age-related condition with the most appropriate description.
Loss of sense of smell

A)Obesity
B)Hypogeusia
C)Anosmia
D)Xerostomia
E)Edentulism
F)Atrophic gastritis

Question 26

An understanding of the dietary concerns of older adults enables dental hygienists to provide optimal therapy to this growing demographic. Match the age-related condition with the most appropriate description.
Affects half of all older adults

A)Obesity
B)Hypogeusia
C)Anosmia
D)Xerostomia
E)Edentulism
F)Atrophic gastritis

Question 27

Sarcopenia,protein,and osteoporosis have important links that dental hygienists should understand.Which of the following are accurate? (Select all that apply.)

A) Sarcopenia is inevitable with aging.
B) Impaired protein use can be overcome by consuming high-quality protein at each meal.
C) High-protein foods stimulate carbohydrate synthesis.
D) Resistance exercise combined with complete protein consumption elicits anabolism.

Question 28

Which accurately describes age-related macular degeneration? (Select all that apply.)

A) It is characterized by deterioration of the central area of the retina.
B) Lesions on the retina lead to loss of vision.
C) Lutein and zeaxanthin are contributing factors.
D) Vitamin E and beta-carotene supplements are likely to prevent this condition.
E) Fatty fish, such as salmon, provide preventive antioxidants.

Question 29

An understanding of the dietary concerns of older adults enables dental hygienists to provide optimal therapy to this growing demographic. Match the age-related condition with the most appropriate description.
Chronic stomach inflammation

A)Obesity
B)Hypogeusia
C)Anosmia
D)Xerostomia
E)Edentulism
F)Atrophic gastritis

Question 30

An understanding of the dietary concerns of older adults enables dental hygienists to provide optimal therapy to this growing demographic. Match the age-related condition with the most appropriate description.
Most common nutritional disorder in older adults

A)Obesity
B)Hypogeusia
C)Anosmia
D)Xerostomia
E)Edentulism
F)Atrophic gastritis

Question 31

Constipation may be a consequence of: (Select all that apply.)

A) altered gastrointestinal motility.
B) loss of bowel muscle tone.
C) medications.
D) high-fiber intake.
E) inactivity.

Question 32

An understanding of the dietary concerns of older adults enables dental hygienists to provide optimal therapy to this growing demographic. Match the age-related condition with the most appropriate description.
Not inevitable with advancing age

A)Obesity
B)Hypogeusia
C)Anosmia
D)Xerostomia
E)Edentulism
F)Atrophic gastritis

Question 33

An understanding of the dietary concerns of older adults enables dental hygienists to provide optimal therapy to this growing demographic. Match the age-related condition with the most appropriate description.
Loss of sense of taste

A)Obesity
B)Hypogeusia
C)Anosmia
D)Xerostomia
E)Edentulism
F)Atrophic gastritis

Question 34

How can management of a chronic disease affect the nutritional status of older adults? (Select all that apply.)

A) Alter food intake.
B) Increase absorption of nutrients.
C) Increase appetite.
D) Cause nausea and vomiting.
E) Cause diarrhea or constipation.