Deck 2: Whats for Dinner Honey Work and Gender

Question 1

Elizabeth Barber's research shows which of the following to be the earliest of women's inventions?

A) containers
B) string
C) looms
D) cosmetics

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following statements about foraging societies is true?

A) In foraging societies, women organize their childbearing and childrearing within and around their work of gathering food.
B) In foraging societies, women organize their work of gathering food within and around their main tasks of bearing and rearing children.
C) How women in these societies organize their work and raise children depends on how they feel about these jobs.
D) Foraging societies are closer to nature and more primitive than other societies, so bearing children and child rearing naturally take precedence over other forms of labor.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

"Sexual division of labor" refers to the assignment of survival tasks of the society according to gender. This means that _________.

A) the work of men and women does not overlap
B) the work of men and women may overlap somewhat
C) the work of men and women looks roughly the same
D) any of the above-depending on the society that does the assigning

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the family wage ideology?

A) Men earn a higher wage than women because they have a wife and children to support.
B) Men and women both contribute equally to the family economy.
C) Children should support their parents after they are grown and have established their own households.
D) Women should receive a higher wage than men because they are the primary caregivers for their children.

Question 5

Work that is valued for its contribution to the marketplace can be said to have ________.

A) use value
B) exchange value
C) reciprocal value
D) gendered value

Question 6

In the Kalahari, what form of women's work is considered the equivalent of men's work of procuring meat?

A) hunting small animals
B) growing staple crops
C) gathering foods
D) bearing children

Question 7

What was the result of Lenin's decree that women should be paid the same as men?

A) Women gained full equality under Communism.
B) Men and women began to share domestic tasks so that each would have time to earn a wage.
C) Women continued to perform domestic work without pay in addition to working for wages outside of the home.
D) Men reacted to this idea with a backlash that prohibited women from the workplace for decades to come.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Housework is a type of exchange value work.
B) Women's work at home is rarely valued.
C) The use value of housework is regulated by the market economy.
D) none of the above

Question 9

As described by sociologist Arlie Hochschild, what is the "second shift?"

A) what international economists call the double day
B) a situation wherein women work full-time and do most of the housework and childcare
C) common to the majority of two-career families
D) all of the above

Question 10

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Humans, through agriculture, first domesticated plants about 40,000 years ago.
B) The sexual division of labor among food-foraging groups is notoriously unequal.
C) An egalitarian division of labor is the supposed ideal of today's American middle class.
D) The family wage ideology encourages women to seek wage employment.

Question 11

The potluck principle operates when ________.

A) every family in a group eats only what they gather and hunt themselves
B) people who share food get less to eat than if they consumed it independently
C) people share resources and thus improve nutrition for all
D) everyone in a group owns a ceramic casserole dish

Question 12

Which of the following societies would most likely afford women high status?

A) a patrilineal society in which men control economic resources and women stay at home with the children
B) a society in which women control economic resources through matrilineal inheritance
C) an industrial society in which women as well as men earn wages
D) a society in which women produce large numbers of children who contribute to agricultural production

Question 13

Tools made and used primarily by women have been essential to human history. Which of the following statements about women's tools is false?

A) Women probably pioneered the use of containers for food, wood, and their offspring.
B) Plants such as jute, willow, hemp, and flax can be used to make baskets, nets, and fences.
C) It is hard to find archaeological evidence of what past women produced.
D) Newer, stone tools men learned to make eventually replaced women's tools.

Question 14

The horticultural pattern where men clear the fields and women cultivate the crops is generally associated with which of the following?

A) high status for women
B) high rates of female fertility
C) men's exploitation of women's labor
D) increased rates of warfare

Question 15

Agricultural production _________.

A) allows women and men to share in the work of food production
B) uses animals or machines, which increases time for relaxation
C) led to the rise of settled village life
D) all of the above

Question 16

Women who make cloth ________.

A) come from all classes and walks of life
B) are represented in ancient art
C) tell stories and record history through their designs
D) all of the above

Question 17

Of the following, which contributes to the decline in women's status associated with the rise of agricultural societies?

A) failure to adhere to the virginity complex
B) increasing social stratification and the development of a class society
C) participation in field labor alongside men
D) horticulture and the second shift

Question 18

Today, the women of Grey Rock Harbor _________.

A) have taken over the formerly male-dominated fishing industry
B) are frustrated by the difficulty of finding single men to marry
C) have more economic freedom than a generation ago
D) bear many children, because they are peasants

Question 19

The sexual division of labor _____________.

A) defines some jobs as "men's work" and others as "women's work"
B) occurs when women trade sexual favors for help with subsistence work
C) was the cause of the Neolithic Revolution
D) is a type of relativism

Question 20

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Large populations of peasants characterize food-gathering societies.
B) Agrarian societies are generally egalitarian.
C) In agricultural societies, men perform the heavy labor of clearing fields.
D) all of the above

Question 21

What are the four broad categories of work discussed in Chapter 1? Discuss two "jobs" found in the United States in terms of which categories they fit into (they may overlap more than one category).

Question 22

Chapter 1 has presented several activities that are usually not thought of as work. Should all activities be considered work? Considering the arguments of Chapter 1, how would you define work? Why is women's work so often undervalued?

Question 23

The "family wage ideology" has strong influence in structuring wages in the Western world. Define family wage ideology and discuss why it has a detrimental effect on women.

Question 24

In Grey Rock Harbour, Newfoundland, the collapse of the fishing industry led to a change in the sexual division of labor. Describe this change.

Question 25

Imagine your friend has suggested that what housewives do around the home is not "real work." Using your knowledge of Chapter 1, how would you respond?

Question 26

Why has little evidence of women's work been found in the archaeological record? Give three examples of items women manufactured in ancient times. For each, assess the value of the item to society at large and why such an item would or would not survive to make it into the archaeological record.