Question 1

In the mirror test of self-recognition, most infants touched their own nose by:&#10;A) 21 months&#10;B) 15 months&#10;C) 12 months&#10;D) 9 months

Accepted Answer

Most infants begin to show self-recognition in the mirror test by touching their own nose around 18 to 24 months, with 21 months being a common age for this behavior.

Question 2

Self-concept consists of:&#10;A) self-image&#10;B) self-esteem&#10;C) ideal self&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Self-concept is made up of self-image, which is how we see ourselves physically and socially, self-esteem, which is how we feel about ourselves, and ideal self, which is who we aspire to be. Therefore, all of these components make up our self-concept.

Question 3

Social referencing means:&#10;A) the infant looks at the parent/caregiver before responding&#10;B) the infant looks at the parent/caregiver for reassurance&#10;C) the infant appears undecided about which adult to approach&#10;D) the infant looks at another infant to see how that baby will respond

Accepted Answer

The infant looks at the parent/caregiver before responding. This is a way for the infant to check in with the parent/caregiver and see how they are reacting to the situation.

Question 4

Children who are emotionally skilled are more likely to:&#10;A) have leadership qualities&#10;B) lead peers to be antisocial&#10;C) manipulate others&#10;D) be self-conscious about their social image

Accepted Answer

Children who are emotionally skilled have greater empathy, self-awareness, and self-regulation, which are important qualities of effective leaders. They are able to understand and relate to the feelings of others, communicate effectively, and resolve conflicts in a positive manner.

Question 5

A key task for the development of the child's understanding of another person's mind is:&#10;A) self-awareness&#10;B) the capacity to engage in pretend play&#10;C) knowing the difference between reality and pretence&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the choices listed are important for the development of the child's understanding of another person's mind. Self-awareness allows the child to recognize their own thoughts and feelings, which can then be applied to understanding others. Engaging in pretend play allows the child to practice putting themselves in someone else's shoes and imagining the perspectives of others. Knowing the difference between reality and pretense is important for recognizing when others are communicating in a symbolic or metaphorical way, which contributes to understanding their thoughts and feelings.

Question 6

At the transition from childhood to adolescence, self-esteem:&#10;A) is no longer important&#10;B) typically increases&#10;C) typically decreases&#10;D) remains unchanged

Accepted Answer

During the transition from childhood to adolescence, self-esteem typically decreases. This is due to the many physical, emotional, and social changes that occur during this period, which can lead to feelings of insecurity, self-doubt, and anxiety. Adolescents may also begin to compare themselves to their peers more frequently, further contributing to a decrease in self-esteem. However, it is important to note that this is not true for all adolescents and some may experience an increase in self-esteem during this time.

Deck 2: The Evolving Sense of Self and Others