Deck 4: Realism and Perspective: From Renaissance Painting to Digital Media

Question 1

By the beginning of ____________, many painters labored to reproduce scenes as they would have appeared to observers, becoming more "scientific" through the use of mechanical devices to see, measure, and render.

A) the Middle Ages
B) Early Christianity
C) Rationalism
D) the Renaissance

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The practitioners of ____________ made films that tended to dramatize the social conditions of the French working class, mostly through fictional stories featuring tragic antiheroes.

A) Abstract Expressionism
B) Poetic Realism
C) Neorealism
D) Surrealism

Answer 2

B

Question 3

____________ is a set of techniques for depicting spatial depth within two-dimensional pictorial space.

A) Perspective
B) Cartography
C) Realism
D) Constructivism

Answer 3

A

Question 4

____________ rendered landscapes through the empirical experience of being in nature, observing and subjectively recording the light and color changes they experienced during the painting session.

A) Cartesian perspectivists
B) Cubists
C) Impressionists
D) Conceptual artists

Question 5

____________ produced works in which the idea is more important than the visual product.

A) Cartesian perspectivists
B) Cubists
C) Impressionists
D) Conceptual artists

Question 6

____________ images are by definition images that break with the convention of representing what is seen, and they can be analog as well as digital.

A) Cartesian
B) Abstract
C) Virtual
D) Digital

Question 7

____________ is a physical, three-dimensional space that can be mathematically measured.

A) Virtual space
B) Cartesian space
C) The camera obscura
D) Perspective

Question 8

Examples of early Christian art, such as the second-century ce painted ceilings of Rome's underground burial catacombs, reveal that their painters were more concerned with ____________ than ____________.

A) symbols; reproduction
B) abstraction; realism
C) flatness; perspective
D) reproduction; symbols

Question 9

Who stated that "there are thousands of ways for a painter to be a realist"?

A) Anne Friedberg
B) Jonathan Crary
C) Norman Bryson
D) Jean Cassou

Question 10

What constitutes ____________ in a given political time and place can be subject to intense contestation, and engaging in one form over another can be a political choice that may incur risk and impact one's career.

A) perspective
B) realism
C) empiricism
D) practices of looking

Question 11

Who regarded techniques for rendering depth as a kind of deception?

A) Michele Foucault
B) Alberti
C) Plato
D) Anne Friedberg

Question 12

The perspectival grid works much better to depict ____________ than ____________.

A) objects at different angles; the process of vision
B) the concept of a piece; the painter's own experience
C) built architectural space; the human body
D) the human body; movement over time

Question 13

Although the influence of ____________ had a long history, in the nineteenth century it was transformed from a metaphor of truth to a metaphor of that which conceals or inverts truth.

A) rationalism
B) the camera obscura
C) social realism
D) empiricism

Question 14

How does the computer screen offer a kind of seeing similar to Cubism?

A) They both affirm empiricism's basic tenets.
B) They both depict the complexity of human vision as a fluid process.
C) They both offer many standpoints all at once.
D) They both emphasize empirical, physical, and emotional experiences.

Question 15

In photographer Francesca Woodman's self-portraits, she often appeared blurred through a combination of long exposures and her own movement. Rather than capturing herself exactly as she appeared in front of the camera, which could have easily been achieved with a faster shutter speed, her abstracted body was placed in front of a steady background in order to visualize her emotional truth. Woodman's use of blur is similar to the use of double exposure by ____________ in ____________.

A) Pablo Picasso; Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
B) Dziga Vertov; Man with a Movie Camera
C) John Haddock; Wang Weilen - Screenshot Series
D) Yves Klein; Anthropometry of the Blue Period

Question 16

Carol is walking down a busy street, mostly paying attention to her phone. She suddenly notices that she has walked onto an abstract chalk painting. Even though Carol is firmly footed on the concrete, from a few feet away, it looks like she is walking on air over a canyon-like hole in the ground. What technique has the chalk artist used to create this effect?

A) perspectival anamorphosis
B) anatomical foreshortening
C) virtual space
D) the Cartesian grid

Question 17

Tanya Brodsky is a contemporary sculptor who uses objects such as rails, prefabricated metal fixtures, and chain link fences, often joining or reconstructing them in such a way that these everyday objects designed with ease of use and convenience in mind become unusable, abstracted, and often unrecognizable. Whose practice is Brodsky's most similar to?

A) Yves Klein
B) Dziga Vertov
C) Naum Gabo
D) Ana Mendieta

Question 18

In 2017, Pitzer College student Alegria Martinez wrote an email to the entire student body explaining a message she and a group of black and Latina students wrote on a wall at the university. It read "White girl, take off your hoops!!!" In the email, Martinez expressed frustration with "white women appropriating styles . . . that belong to the black and brown folks who created the culture." This is similar to accusations against which artist?

A) Pablo Picasso
B) Giorgio de Chirico
C) Simone Martini
D) David Hockney

Question 19

For the The Necessary Reconditioning of the Highly Deserving (2017), visual artist EJ Hill used images and sculptures of mountains, clouds, and ascension to visualize an elevation of the marginalized bodies so often seen dead or injured on the news. At the center of this installation is a swing on which the audience can sit. Hill's creation of a space in which bodies can, through the swing, literally elevate themselves, is an example of ____________.

A) Cartesianism
B) realism
C) empiricism
D) rationalism

Question 20

The Blair Witch Project (1999) is a movie in which three student filmmakers venture into the woods with a hand-held camera to film a documentary about the notorious Blair Witch. As they move farther into the woods, supernatural activity around them escalates, and the students eventually meet violent ends, their footage ostensibly found and edited by the film's directors. To convince the audience that the movie was indeed created by the students and not professional filmmakers, the film was shot by hand, resulting in shaky images, on cameras no longer standard in the film industry that students would likely have access to. The use of antiquated film technology by directors Daniel Myrick and Eduardo Sánchez to give the audience a sense of authenticity is similar to aesthetic choices made by the ____________.

A) Abstract Expressionists
B) Poetic Realists
C) Cubists
D) Neorealists

Question 21

Name and describe the three computer graphics realisms classified by color scientist James Ferwerda.

Question 22

How did John Berger explain the reification of the Cartesian worldview by drawings and paintings that use perspective?

Question 23

How are virtual images often misinterpreted, and what is their true definition?

Question 24

What is the difference between classic linear and isometric perspectives?

Question 25

Describe the differences between Constructivism and Socialist Realism and their use at the national level.

Question 26

What is Ludica's main critique of the video game industry, and how do they propose its resolution?