Deck 9: Scientific Looking, Looking at Science

Question 1

During the Renaissance, physicians began to seek ____________ evidence by looking inside the body, not only cutting it open to see but also using tools to seek out aspects that could not be discerned directly by hand or by eye.

A) empirical
B) physiognomist
C) positivist
D) technological

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Art historian Erwin Panofsky wrote that the rise of ____________ was integral to Renaissance art.

A) black-boxing
B) anatomy
C) botany
D) microscopes

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Police officer ____________ built upon the use of photography to identify criminals by standardizing the mug shot and introducing anthropometry for identification.

A) Dorothy Hodgkin
B) Jean-Martin Charcot
C) Martin Schoeller
D) Alphonse Bertillon

Answer 3

D

Question 4

____________ is a technique used to interpret the outward appearance and configuration of the body.

A) Biopower
B) Positivism
C) Physiognomy
D) Techne

Question 5

The ____________ was the focal point of the anatomical theater.

A) audience's reaction
B) cadaver
C) body part being studied
D) anatomist

Question 6

The current biotech era is seen to be equally historically important as ____________, an era perceived to be defined by its immense progress in human creativity and fine art.

A) the Information Age
B) Classical Modernity
C) the Industrial Revolution
D) the Renaissance

Question 7

Early ____________ images suggested to early viewers that the technique gave its practitioners superhuman visual powers, allowing them optically to invade the private space of the body.

A) X-ray
B) PET scan
C) sonogram
D) genomic mapping

Question 8

What is the significance of William Fetter's Boeing Man (1964) to imaging practices?

A) It was an example of the continued cultural significance of phrenology after World War II.
B) It was one of the first computer renderings of a human body.
C) Boeing would go on to be a hotbed of innovation in imaging technology.
D) It was created using the first computer animation program.

Question 9

According to Vanessa Schwartz, what desire did visiting the Paris morgue and viewing corpses satisfy in nineteenth-century Parisians?

A) to help solve mysterious deaths
B) to learn
C) to be part of a spectacle
D) to look

Question 10

By the end of the nineteenth century, the visual categorization of people according to types became common practice in which of the following locations?

A) factories
B) schools
C) metropolitan centers
D) rural locations

Question 11

In "The Cyborg Manifesto," Donna J. Haraway theorizes the cyborg as a means to think about ____________.

A) the body as an accessible digital map, something easily decipherable, understandable, and containable in the form of code
B) incorporating man-made devices into the human body's regulatory feedback chains to fulfill the desire for a "new and better being"
C) the transformation of subjectivity in a late capitalist world of science, technology, and biomedicine
D) the ways in which computer algorithms affect our everyday lives

Question 12

Despite being a "sound"-based system, the data derived from a sonograph is shared through graphic images. Why?

A) Biomedical companies prefer using images to display information in their advertisements.
B) Translating the information into images reveals information that cannot be accessed otherwise.
C) There is a cultural preference for the visual.
D) Doctors are able to make quicker diagnoses from images.

Question 13

What element of the anthropometric study of a Chinese man establishes him as an object for cool and dispassionate study by Western scientists?

A) the way he has been positioned
B) his nudity
C) his representation in a black-and-white image
D) his braid

Question 14

____________ is an example cited by the authors as a positive product of morphing technologies.

A) Nancy Burson's computer software that "ages" portraits
B) The Human Genome Project
C) Nancy Burson's Human Race Machine
D) An image of two T cells attacking a cancer cell

Question 15

Benny is accused of a crime that was committed by his brother. Nevertheless, the jury finds him guilty. The main logic behind this ruling is DNA evidence found at the scene. This situation is a possible ramification of which scholar's warning to those who see DNA as an ultimate identifier?

A) Nancy Burson
B) S. Lochlann Jain
C) Alondra Nelson
D) Kelly Gates

Question 16

When science and medicine were ignoring the AIDS crisis, ACT UP used visual campaigns such as performances, sit-ins, videos, posters, and flyers to distribute accurate health and science information about AIDS transmission. ACT UP's use of images to get individuals and the mainstream media to pay attention to the crisis forever changed scientific activism. The impact caused by ACT UP's use of visual culture, rather than other forms of transmitting information, most closely resembles what other example from the book?

A) The nudity of the subject in the anthropometric study of a Chinese man was coded within a scientific discourse that established him as an object for cool and dispassionate study.
B) Despite sonography being a "sound"-based system, the display of the information it gathers has been adapted to conform to photographic and video image conventions.
C) Anatomy Theaters provided entertainment as well as education, creating a spectacle that offered a view into the mysterious borderland between life and death.
D) The facial recognition algorithms used by Facebook or Google are ideologically as well as technologically linked to surveillance systems used by police and investigators.

Question 17

Alex Rivera's Sleep Dealer (2008) depicts a world in which Mexican workers are connected to cables through implanted nodes in their arms and back. These cables wire them into a network through which they control robots on the other side of an impenetrable Mexico-U.S. border wall. These ____________ bodies are eventually used up and discarded.

A) biometric
B) cyborg
C) sonographed
D) empirical

Question 18

In 1965, the Voting Rights Act was signed into law. It prohibited state and local governments from implementing laws that placed undue hardship on people of color-especially black people-in the voting process. Some examples of these laws include the implementation of literacy tests or the requirement of a state identification card either during voter registration or at the polls themselves. The Voting Rights Act therefore decreased the state's ____________.

A) use of physiognomy
B) empiricism
C) biopower
D) dependence on biometrics

Question 19

Second-wave feminism began in the early 1960s in the United States. While the first wave focused on suffrage for women and overturning laws enforcing gender inequality, second-wave feminism expanded its scope to issues like domestic violence, sexuality, and reproductive rights. It was critiqued, however, for its lack of intersectionality. It largely ignored the problems facing women of color and queer and working-class women. This lack of inclusion most closely parallels another critique by which of the following scholars?

A) Jean Baudrillard
B) Donna J. Haraway
C) Alondra Nelson
D) S. Lochlann Jain

Question 20

Created in 2017, FaceApp is a phone application that allows users to input a selfie and then use the app's neural network filters to see alternate versions of themselves. The available filters are male, female, older, younger, and smiling. This app most closely parallels the work of ____________.

A) Thomas Eakins
B) Nancy Burson
C) Leonardo da Vinci
D) ACT UP

Question 21

How does Michel Foucault define a classification system?

Question 22

In what way do practices of looking affect knowledge about the body negatively?

Question 23

Why is it important to continue to study scientific systems that were discredited as both racist and unscientific after World War II?

Question 24

The paradigms used to define the body change with the epistemic shifts of every era. How is the genetic body of the late twentieth century characterized?

Question 25

What is the main feminist critique of Lennart Nilsson's images of fetuses?

Question 26

What is the danger of direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertisements?