Deck 27: Living With Less, 1968-1980

Question 1

A policy first enacted under President Johnson that required businesses, universities, and other institutions receiving federal money to provide opportunities for women and nonwhites was called ___________.

Answer 1

Affirmative action

Question 2

______________ required colleges and universities receiving federal funds to give equal opportunities to male and female students in admissions, athletics, and other programs.

Answer 2

Title IX of the Higher Education Act of 1972

Question 3

Identify the American Indian Movement.

Answer 3

This civil rights movement sought to change actions and attitudes of the federal government regarding Native Americans.

Question 4

The first peace agreement between an Arab nation and Israel was called the __________.

Question 5

________ was a group of Third World nations that joined together to set higher prices for their oil.

Question 6

This term literally means the relaxation of tensions.

Question 7

The agreement ending the war in Vietnam was

Question 8

The failed constitutional amendment that would have prohibited discrimination based on sex was the ________.

Question 9

_________ was a nuclear power plant that suffered a nearly catastrophic meltdown.

Question 10

Which of the following statements applied to Shirley Chisholm?

A) She feared the United States was on the brink of a racial and class war.
B) She was the first woman to run for her party's nomination.
C) She became the first black person to run for her party's nomination for the presidency.
D) All of the above.

Question 11

Shirley Chisholm's campaign for her party's nomination was made difficult because

A) She had to battle black male politicians for their support.
B) She had little money.
C) She had to fight for equal time on television.
D) All of the above.

Question 12

By the end of the 1970s, the United States was in economic decline, in part because of

A) Wasteful government spending.
B) The failings of business, government, and economists.
C) A decrease in the price of oil.
D) All of the above.

Question 13

An unprecedented combination of high unemployment and high inflation led to a new descriptive term for the economy. That term was

A) Strangulation.
B) Stairflation.
C) Stagflation.
D) Stagnation.

Question 14

The group of Third World oil-exporting nations that came to be so familiar to Americans in the 1970s is

A) Anwar.
B) OPEC.
C) Tridex.
D) Arab National Oil Coalition.

Question 15

Why were Americans attracted to Japanese cars in the 1970s?

A) Japanese goods had always been revered in the United States.
B) Japanese cars tended to be more muscular than American ones.
C) Japanese cars were bigger than American ones.
D) Japanese cars were far more fuel-efficient.

Question 16

Carl Gerstacker, the chairman of Dow Chemical, wished his corporation could

A) Produce chemicals without environmental regulations.
B) Exist in an environment in which it was free to do as it pleased without U.S. government interference.
C) Produce chemicals free of competition.
D) Exist in a world free of tariffs.

Question 17

In the 1970s a new term was coined for the regions in the Northeast and Midwest with their empty, decaying factories. That term was

A) Snow Belt.
B) Rust Belt.
C) Steel Belt.
D) Sun Belt.

Question 18

During the 1970s, industry and workers moved from the Northeast and Midwest to the _________.

A) Snow Belt
B) Rust Belt
C) Steel Belt
D) Sun Belt

Question 19

Which of the following statements is an incorrect characterization of the American economy in the 1970s?

A) The American economy did not produce enough jobs for the number of people who wanted jobs.
B) Energy and food prices stabilized.
C) The unemployment rate increased.
D) The percentage of women in the workforce increased.

Question 20

The Nixon Doctrine was

A) A repudiation of the Truman Doctrine.
B) Nothing more than the Truman Doctrine with Nixon's name on it.
C) A blending of the Truman Doctrine with a restated commitment to help struggling nations in the Third World.
D) Designed to recognize and do business with China.

Question 21

President Nixon's strategy of détente was designed to

A) Force the Soviet Union to recognize the Americans' superior nuclear weapons.
B) Relax tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union.
C) Protect the United States in light of the Soviet Union's superior weapons technology.
D) Provide a new name for what was really the status quo.

Question 22

Nixon's trip to China was designed to accomplish which of the following?

A) To encourage the Soviet Union to believe the United States and China were becoming allies.
B) To encourage a belief in both the Soviets and the Chinese that the United States would have no problem using nuclear weapons to eradicate Communism.
C) To encourage the Chinese to believe the United States and the USSR were becoming allies.
D) None of the above.

Question 23

"Vietnamization" was the term applied to the policy designed to

A) Encourage North Vietnam to take responsibility for its own defense.
B) Increase the number of Southeast Asian immigrants to the United States.
C) Stimulate the manufacturing sector in Vietnam so that it could finance its share of the war in Southeast Asia.
D) Encourage South Vietnam to take responsibility for its own defense.

Question 24

In March 1969, Nixon authorized B-52 raids into

A) Laos.
B) Cambodia.
C) Burma.
D) Vietnam.

Question 25

Why did students protest on the Kent State University campus in Ohio on May 4, 1970?

A) Nixon had reinstated the draft.
B) News about My Lai shocked the student community.
C) Nixon had ordered the invasion of Cambodia.
D) The Tet Offensive had highlighted the failures of U.S. policy in Vietnam.

Question 26

Mississippi State Police killed two African American student protestors at

A) Memphis State University.
B) Jackson State College.
C) Mississippi State University.
D) Mississippi Tech College at Jonesboro.

Question 27

Nixon's "peace with honor"

A) Pulled all U.S. troops out of Vietnam.
B) Guaranteed the survival of South Vietnam.
C) Orchestrated the peaceful reunion of North and South Vietnam.
D) Ended Communism in Indochina.

Question 28

President Nixon used the CIA to destabilize an elected Marxist government in

A) Egypt.
B) Grenada.
C) Chile.
D) Paraguay.

Question 29

When Richard Nixon ordered the CIA to block the election of Salvador Allende in Chile,

A) Chileans elected Allende anyway.
B) They put in place their own choice, Augusto Pinochet.
C) Kissinger advised against it.
D) Marxists in Chile took up arms against the regime.

Question 30

When the United States came to the defense of Israel in the Yom Kippur War, the Arab countries

A) Imposed an oil embargo on the Western world.
B) Signed a permanent treaty of alliance with the Soviet Union.
C) Shut off access to the Mediterranean Sea.
D) Plotted terrorist attacks on Jerusalem and Tel Aviv.

Question 31

Although the Arab oil embargo following the Yom Kippur War was halted, it revealed that

A) American support of Israel against the Arab nations was going to be expensive to the United States in many ways.
B) American weakness was obvious.
C) Nixon and Kissinger could not bring peace to the Middle East.
D) All of the above.

Question 32

Despite his Republican ideals, President Nixon

A) Left many Great Society and New Deal programs in place.
B) Was not an ardent supporter of returning power to the states.
C) Balanced the federal budget.
D) Did not touch welfare programs.

Question 33

All of the following were Congressional policies during Nixon's administration except

A) Creation of the Environmental Protection Agency.
B) Creation of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
C) Limits to the use of pesticides, including DDT.
D) Establishment of the "Superfund" to clean up toxic dumps.

Question 34

Americans celebrated Earth Day in all of the following ways, except

A) With teach-ins.
B) With cleanup campaigns.
C) With demonstrations.
D) With sit-down strikes.

Question 35

President Nixon's New Economic Policy resulted in

A) A strengthened international monetary system.
B) No change in the problems surrounding wage and price controls.
C) Continued deindustrialization.
D) All of the above.

Question 36

During the 1970s two new means for promoting racial equality were

A) Affirmative action and school curricula that stressed social justice.
B) Affirmative action and school busing.
C) School busing and school curricula that stressed social justice.
D) School desegregation and sensitivity to the issues of same-sex couples.

Question 37

Despite his Republican ideals, President Nixon

A) Supported affirmative action programs.
B) Opposed school busing for desegregation.
C) Opposed both affirmative action and school busing.
D) Supported the use of state governments to enforce affirmative action programs.

Question 38

What did the Supreme Court bar in its decision in Regents of the University of California v. Allan Bakke?

A) Affirmative action was unconstitutional.
B) The federal government had no authority to mandate affirmative action in state universities.
C) Universities could not impose admission quotas.
D) Universities could not consider the personal background of students.

Question 39

What was Richard Nixon's position on busing?

A) He was a strong advocate.
B) He vowed to disregard the U.S. Supreme Court ruling of Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education.
C) He opposed it publicly and privately ordered less vigorous enforcement.
D) He embraced it publicly, but privately ordered a series of legal challenges against it.

Question 40

In the Supreme Court case Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg, the Court ruled that

A) Mandatory busing to desegregate schools was constitutional.
B) Cross-town school busing to impose racial integration in the South was not constitutional.
C) Charlotte Mecklenburg, a young white girl, could not be bused across town to integrate an all-black school.
D) The football team at Charlotte-Mecklenburg High School must have black football players.

Question 41

The busing program designed to end segregation in __________ was perhaps the most controversial.

A) Charlotte, North Carolina
B) Jackson, Mississippi
C) Little Rock, Arkansas
D) Boston, Massachusetts

Question 42

The equal rights amendment (ERA) was

A) First proposed by the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1970.
B) Passed by Congress in 1972 and ratified by 34 states by the end of 1974 but thereafter stalled and was never ratified.
C) Vetoed by President Nixon.
D) Upheld by the Supreme Court as constitutional.

Question 43

Title IX of the Higher Education Act of 1972

A) Provided for the creation of women's sports programs in colleges and universities receiving federal funds.
B) Required colleges and universities receiving federal funds to give equal opportunities to male and female students in admissions, athletics, and other programs.
C) Desegregated cafeterias and snack bars on college campuses.
D) Ensured the protection of the highly controversial military history classes taught on college and university campuses.

Question 44

According to Rubén Salazar, what was a Chicano?

A) Anyone born south of the U.S. border.
B) A Mexican American with proven native heritage.
C) Any Mexican American who refused to accept the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
D) A Mexican American with a non-Anglo image of himself.

Question 45

Which of the following was a success Mexican American activists could claim by the end of the 1970s?

A) Drivers license for undocumented immigrants.
B) Free health care for the poor.
C) Ending state bans on teaching in Spanish.
D) A federal mandate requiring teaching in Spanish.

Question 46

MEChA was created to

A) Match Mexican American students with mentors in the Mexican American business community.
B) Stimulate a boycott of grapes grown in the Texas Rio Grande Valley.
C) Symbolize the match that would ignite the social change movement for Mexican Americans.
D) All of the above.

Question 47

In Lau v. Nichols, the Supreme Court

A) Ordered the abolition of the Asian American Political Alliance.
B) Declared that school systems had to provide bilingual instruction for non-English-speaking students.
C) Required compensation for the victims of Japanese American internments during World War II.
D) Established racial quotas for Asian students in California institutions of higher education.

Question 48

American Indian activists seized __________ at gunpoint in the spring of 1973 to protest policies of the U.S. government toward the Native Americans.

A) Tombstone, Arizona
B) Wounded Knee, South Dakota
C) Deadwood, South Dakota
D) Sundance, Wyoming

Question 49

The American Indian Movement (AIM) was

A) Patterned after the Black Panthers.
B) Founded by young Indian men and women in Minneapolis.
C) The group that occupied Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay to demand that an American Indian Museum be built there.
D) All of the above.

Question 50

In the election of 1972,

A) Nixon carried 49 of 50 states, capitalizing on votes of white ethnics and white southerners.
B) George Wallace was paralyzed by a would-be assassin's bullet.
C) George McGovern was an old-fashioned liberal Democrat who seemed out of step with the times.
D) All of the above.

Question 51

The ex-CIA agents who directed the break-in of the Democratic National Committee headquarters on June 17, 1972, were

A) John Dean and Sam Ervin.
B) John Ehrlichman and Harry Haldeman.
C) Carl Bernstein and Leon Jaworski.
D) G. Gordon Liddy and E. Howard Hunt.

Question 52

The downfall of President Nixon is most accurately attributed to

A) His ordering the Watergate break-in.
B) His obstruction of justice and his repeated lying to the American public.
C) His secret expansion of the war in Southeast Asia.
D) The political and media vendetta against him.

Question 53

What did Gerald Ford state in conclusion at the end of the Watergate scandal?

A) "Never again."
B) "Have you no decency?"
C) "Government is the problem."
D) "Our constitution works."

Question 54

In the election of 1976, all of the following are correct except that

A) Jimmy Carter received 50 percent of the popular vote.
B) The incumbent, Gerald Ford, received 48 percent of the popular vote.
C) George Wallace received 2 percent of the electoral vote.
D) The American public was obviously not interested in the election.

Question 55

Jimmy Carter's greatest asset in the 1976 campaign was his

A) "Outsider" status.
B) Long experience as governor of Georgia.
C) Name recognition.
D) Charisma.

Question 56

President Carter's greatest success in office was

A) The Three Mile Island nuclear project.
B) Establishment of the Department of Energy.
C) The Camp David Accords.
D) The Humphrey-Hawkins full-employment law.

Question 57

By 1979, President Carter was an unpopular president. He faced which of the following unresolved problems?

A) He angered the American people by blaming their "crisis of spirit" for so many of the nation's problems.
B) His foreign policies lacked coherence.
C) He had not stabilized the economy.
D) All of the above.

Question 58

When Ayatollah Khomeini's followers invaded the American embassy in Teheran,

A) The United States looked weak and unable to protect its property and people.
B) Sixty Americans were captured and held hostage.
C) President Carter froze Iranian assets.
D) All of the above.

Question 59

Discuss the similarities and differences between the various civil rights movements of the 1960s.

Question 60

What contributed to the difficulties faced by presidents Nixon and Carter?

Question 61

In what ways did President Nixon reduce Cold War tensions?

Question 62

Explain the political significance of the "silent majority."