Deck 21: The Modern Nation, 1919-1928

Question 1

What business form dominated in the 1920s?

Answer 1

Holding company.

Question 2

Explain the "open shop."

Answer 2

This term indicates that one did not have to belong to a labor union to work.

Question 3

Who founded a labor union for railroad sleeping car porters?

Answer 3

A. Philip Randolph.

Question 4

What was the author of The Man Nobody Knows, a businessman's biography of Christ?

Question 5

Who coined the term "birth control"?

Question 6

Who characterized fellow writers of the 1920s as a "lost generation"?

Question 7

What secret organization attempted to impose its ideas of morality on society through force?

Question 8

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

Question 9

A disarmament agreement was reached at what meeting in 1921?

Question 10

What group of Americans dominated society and government in the United States in the 1920s?

Question 11

Mary Pickford

A) Symbolized all aspects of a new modern culture.
B) Was a self-made woman.
C) Was among those who created the movie corporation United Artists.
D) All of the above.

Question 12

Which of the following was not one of the crucial ingredients to the nation's economic growth in the 1920s?

A) New technologies.
B) Increased efficiency.
C) New businesses.
D) The coal industry.

Question 13

What was Henry Ford known for?

A) Development of new "miracle" medicines.
B) Developments in the field of electricity.
C) His many roles in musicals on Broadway.
D) Pioneering mass production.

Question 14

What was the dominant business form in the 1920s?

A) Holding companies.
B) The corporation.
C) The partnership.
D) The proprietorship.

Question 15

What did Fredrick Winslow Taylor advocate?

A) Diversification of labor tasks.
B) Laborers being able to multitask.
C) The simplification and regimentation of labor.
D) The unionization of labor.

Question 16

Which class of workers increased most dramatically from 1910 to 1930?

A) Blue-collar laborers.
B) Illegal alien laborers.
C) Seasonal laborers.
D) White-collar laborers.

Question 17

Economic development in the 1920s encouraged which group to enter the American workforce in greater numbers?

A) African Americans.
B) Senior citizens.
C) Women.
D) Youth.

Question 18

What did female workers generally earn?

A) About as much as men.
B) About half as much as men.
C) Usually more than men.
D) Usually more than youths or senior citizens.

Question 19

What was the problem with company unions in the 1920s?

A) They did not give workers a voice in management.
B) They did not have the support of employers.
C) They tended to be dominated by socialists.
D) They were confined to small businesses.

Question 20

What did an "open shop" mean with regard to unions?

A) Both legal and illegal immigrants could work there.
B) One could not be a member of a union and work there.
C) One did not have to be a union member to work there.
D) One had to become a member of a union to work there.

Question 21

What was A. Philip Randolph best known for?

A) Being was the first person to swim the English Channel.
B) Heading the antistrike section of the Department of Justice in the 1920s.
C) Organizing a union for sleeping car porters.
D) Writing a series of articles exposing the abuses of labor unions.

Question 22

Which statement accurately characterizes American agriculture during the 1920s?

A) It continued a long decline that began when World War I ended.
B) It continued the prosperity that began during World War I.
C) It prospered because of government help.
D) It refused to embrace labor-saving farm machinery.

Question 23

Which of the following was a trend seen during the 1920s?

A) Irrigation made crop production in the southwest possible and profitable.
B) New markets for Alaskan crops encouraged its residents to seek statehood.
C) The South began to diversify from its concentration of cotton production.
D) Unusually heavy snows interfered with the wheat harvest in the plains states.

Question 24

Which of the following accurately describes the most common setting in which Americans lived by 1920?

A) A majority of Americans lived in rural territory.
B) A majority of Americans lived in urban territory.
C) Few Americans lived in coastal areas.
D) Most Americans lived near an interstate highway.

Question 25

Industrial identification gave Detroit the nickname of

A) Meat Packer for the World.
B) Motor City.
C) Sin City.
D) The Big Easy.

Question 26

The New Culture of the 1920s extolled what virtues?

A) Energy and exuberance.
B) Modernity and pleasure.
C) Sacrifice and repentance.
D) Thrift and moderation.

Question 27

How did Big Business encourage Americans to define life?

A) As seeking religious salvation.
B) In service to others.
C) In tranquility through meditation.
D) Through the pursuit of pleasure.

Question 28

During the 1920s, the leadership of the American Federation of Labor

A) Found itself arrested and sentenced on racketeering charges.
B) Became increasingly mixed by race and gender.
C) Grew more radical as they had to struggle harder to recruit new members.
D) Became increasingly conservative and timid.

Question 29

Advertising agencies placed their product messages in and on all of the following except

A) Magazines.
B) Newspapers.
C) Billboards.
D) Television.

Question 30

In the 1920s, where did the new advertising industry tend to concentrate?

A) Chicago.
B) Detroit.
C) New York City.
D) Seattle.

Question 31

The 1920s gave rise to a new spectator sport with the organization of the

A) American Baseball League.
B) National Basketball League.
C) National Football League.
D) Professional Golfers Association.

Question 32

What was the most popular consumer attraction of the 1920s?

A) Baseball.
B) NASCAR racing.
C) Television.
D) The movies.

Question 33

The new music form of jazz was

A) Based on European classical compositions.
B) Entirely dependent on improvisations.
C) Built on hot beats and instrumental solos.
D) Excluded all forms of vocals.

Question 34

Margaret Sanger is remembered for

A) Being the first woman to serve in a presidential cabinet.
B) Being the first woman who swam the English Channel.
C) Coining the term "birth control."
D) Her heat treatments for poliomyelitis.

Question 35

Which novel addressed the values of the national culture in the 1920s?

A) Burning Bridges.
B) Flaming Youth.
C) Giant.
D) Sweet Bird of Youth.

Question 36

As late as 1928, only 4 of 10 Americans made more than

A) $200 a year.
B) $500 a year.
C) $1,000 a year.
D) $2,000 a year.

Question 37

Attendance at American colleges and universities between 1899 and 1929 was

A) Traditionally an option for the elite.
B) Predominantly male.
C) More available to the middle class by the 1920s.
D) All of the above.

Question 38

What triggered growing enrollments in American colleges?

A) The appeal of participating in an elite experience.
B) The growing wealth of the middle class.
C) The growing demand for white-collar professionals in the new economy.
D) The proliferation of private for-profit universities.

Question 39

How did Gertrude Stein characterize her fellow writers in the 1920s?

A) "A Botched Generation."
B) "The Lost Generation."
C) "The 'Me' Generation."
D) "The Selfish Generation."

Question 40

Which describes a mission of fundamentalists in the 1920s?

A) They advocated thrift instead of flagrant government spending.
B) They opposed liberalism.
C) They wanted sportsmen and women to master the basics of their sports.
D) They wanted to get back to basic economics.

Question 41

Where were fundamentalists strongest?

A) In ghetto sections of large cities everywhere.
B) In mountain and desert areas in the West.
C) In rural areas of the West and South.
D) In urban areas of the Northeast.

Question 42

Which describes a goal of the nativist movement of the 1920s?

A) They advocated a Buy American program.
B) They opposed the teaching of evolution in public schools.
C) They wanted greater recognition of the rights of Native Americans.
D) They wanted to go back to an earlier, more homogeneous America.

Question 43

Which was an aspect of the nativist effort?

A) Advocating congressional imposition of quotas for immigrants.
B) Election of a Communist to a congressional seat.
C) The success of Native American athlete Jim Thorpe.
D) The trial of a biology teacher in Tennessee.

Question 44

Which of the following describes the Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s?

A) As during Reconstruction, the KKK was limited to the South.
B) They advanced the cause of brotherhood among all religions represented in America.
C) They advocated greater understanding between Christians and Jews.
D) They attempted to impose their interpretation of morality through force and intimidation.

Question 45

The new Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s condemned big business for

A) Not paying women equal wages.
B) Hiring African Americans without reservations.
C) Letting Jews into executive positions.
D) Valuing money above manhood.

Question 46

Why did Mexican immigrants find more work in America in the 1920s?

A) African Americans refused to accept low-skilled employment.
B) Immigration quotas for Europeans and Asians lessened the number of competitors for unskilled labor positions.
C) Many older Americans retired from the workforce, creating entry-level jobs.
D) The rise of "white collar" jobs meant that fewer Americans were willing to work with their hands.

Question 47

The concept of "La Raza" refers to the difference between what two groups?

A) Mexican immigrants and Mexican Americans.
B) Mexicans and African Americans.
C) Mexicans and whites.
D) Whites and African Americans.

Question 48

The term "barrios" refers to what?

A) A balloting technique preferred by Mexicans in America.
B) A common reference within the Mexican community to a non-Mexican resident.
C) Neighborhood taverns located in sections in which Mexicans predominated.
D) Segregated housing sections for Mexicans.

Question 49

Which writer's book created the term and concept of "New Negro"?

A) Booker T. Washington.
B) F. Scott Fitzgerald.
C) George Washington Carver.
D) Langston Hughes.

Question 50

Which of the following reflected the militancy of the "New Negro" in the 1920s?

A) The new direction of the NAACP.
B) The work of Booker T. Washington.
C) The art of black filmmakers in Hollywood.
D) The voices of black social critics on the radio.

Question 51

The __________ was the largest organization of African American activists in the 1920s.

A) Congress of Racial Equality
B) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
C) Universal Negro Improvement Association
D) Urban League

Question 52

With regard to the period following World War I, what does the term "New Era" refer to?

A) Democratic promises of relief from Republican domination.
B) Fascination with all things new in America.
C) Innovations in political processes, such as initiative, referendum, and recall.
D) Republican weariness of Democratic domination of Congress.

Question 53

What did the Republican ascendancy of the 1920s mean politically?

A) A celebration of internationalism.
B) The return to an older vision of small government.
C) A rejection of the states' rights mantra.
D) A revival of the principles of Abraham Lincoln.

Question 54

What does the term "normalcy" refer to?

A) Coolidge's assertion that "the business of America is business."
B) Davis's claim that a Democrat could be just as conservative as a Republican.
C) Harding's reaction to Wilsonian innovations in politics and society.
D) Hoover's promise of a chicken in every pot.

Question 55

The political figure in the 1920s most associated with American individualism was

A) Franklin Roosevelt.
B) Herbert Hoover.
C) Warren G. Harding.
D) Woodrow Wilson.

Question 56

What did the Washington Naval Conference mostly deal with?

A) America's traditional intraservice rivalry.
B) Disarmament.
C) Planning for a more effective "gunboat" diplomacy.
D) The differences between Jews and Arabs in the Middle East.

Question 57

According to the Kellogg-Briand Pact, to what did nations agree?

A) To a precise definition of a "just war."
B) To foreswear war as an instrument of national policy.
C) To meet in Geneva to work out rules to govern future wars.
D) To refrain from fighting for a full year after deciding to declare war.

Question 58

What did both Hoover and Coolidge advocate?

A) More regulation of the stock market.
B) Racial integration.
C) Rearmament.
D) Reduced government spending.

Question 59

What typical Democratic voters failed to show their support for Al Smith in 1928?

A) Rural traditionalists.
B) Suburban middle-class professionals.
C) Urban immigrants.
D) Southern African Americans.

Question 60

Why did the 1920s witness a surge in fundamentalism?

Question 61

What changes occurred during the 1920s in the United States for women and African Americans?

Question 62

Discuss the impacts of Henry Ford on American manufacturing.

Question 63

The 1920s are sometimes called an era of Republican ascendancy. Discuss the presidential elections and policies of the three presidents who served during this decade.