Deck 20: A Global Power, 1914-1919

Question 1

Who were the two self-described anarchists who were executed following the war?

Answer 1

Sacco and Vanzetti.

Question 2

What was the multinational organization created in the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 2

League of Nations.

Question 3

Explain John J. Pershing's contribution to the war effort.

Answer 3

He Led the American Expeditionary Forces in France.

Question 4

The law passed by Congress to suppress dissent was the ___________.

Question 5

What British ship was torpedoed by the Germans in 1915?

Question 6

Who was the president chosen by the American people in 1916?

Question 7

President Wilson articulated America's postwar goals in what speech to Congress in 1918?

Question 8

What treaty ended World War I?

Question 9

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution granted women the right to vote?

Question 10

Walter Lippmann, a cofounder of the New Republic, claimed, in the period before World War I, that mankind could achieve all of the following except

A) The sublimation of evil.
B) The conquest of social problems through reason and technology.
C) The perfectibility of man and society.
D) The establishment of a "Christian World Order."

Question 11

Which of the following technologies was instrumental in building almost insurmountable trench lines during World War I?

A) Submarines.
B) Barbed wire.
C) Poison gas.
D) Aerial bombardment.

Question 12

Like other progressives, President Wilson believed that those nations that did not follow the rules

A) Should be forced to do so.
B) Should be ignored.
C) Should be bought off.
D) Should be ignored until they changed their ways.

Question 13

With reference to President Taft's "dollar diplomacy," President Wilson

A) Opposed it.
B) Renounced it but used it himself.
C) Embraced it.
D) None of the above.

Question 14

Compared with other nations of the world, President Wilson believed the United States

A) Was the sole voice of reason.
B) Had to remain aloof in the conflicts in Europe.
C) Had to keep the "great economic processes of the world of business alive."
D) All of the above.

Question 15

The Mexican Revolution of 1911

A) Was spurred in part by resentment against foreign businessmen, particularly those in the petroleum industry.
B) Was led by a group of intellectuals and planners called cientificos.
C) Began because Mexico nationalized oilfields in Mexico owned by Americans.
D) All of the above.

Question 16

What event united Mexicans and radicalized their revolution?

A) The capture of Emiliano Zapata.
B) The killing of Pancho Villa.
C) The Zimmermann telegram.
D) The U.S. invasion of Veracruz.

Question 17

In comparison with other American presidents, President Wilson

A) Was a popular president because of his liberal use of "dollar diplomacy."
B) Sent more American troops to Latin American nations than any other American president.
C) Was idealistic.
D) Was preoccupied with his popularity ratings.

Question 18

President Wilson sent American troops to all of the following except

A) Mexico.
B) Haiti.
C) Panama and Nicaragua.
D) Granada.

Question 19

In August of 1914, as war began in Europe, most Americans

A) Felt that America should maintain a neutral role in the conflict.
B) Believed that the U.S. government should fund England's war effort.
C) Called for direct American military involvement on the Western front.
D) Protested against President Wilson's decision to send troops.

Question 20

As war began in Europe, President Wilson

A) Worried about the patriotism of immigrant Americans.
B) Sent his closest aide to Europe with suggestions that Wilson broker a peace between the combatants.
C) Worried that native-born Americans would see immigrant Americans as enemies.
D) All of the above.

Question 21

Where trade was concerned, why was it difficult for the United States to be neutral?

A) The United States exported the things that both sides needed and would pay for.
B) The United States purchased manufactured goods from both British and German firms.
C) The United States purchased raw materials from both British and German firms.
D) All of the above.

Question 22

Wilson sent whom to Europe to try to negotiate for a peace agreement?

A) William Jennings Bryan.
B) Edward House.
C) Theodore Roosevelt.
D) All of the above.

Question 23

In reality, the United States favored __________ where trade was concerned.

A) Russia
B) Germany
C) Great Britain
D) Ireland

Question 24

Which of the following nations was not part of the Allied Powers?

A) Germany.
B) France.
C) Russia.
D) Great Britain.

Question 25

Which of the following nations was not part of the Central Powers?

A) Germany.
B) Austria-Hungary.
C) Russia.
D) Turkey.

Question 26

According to Walter Lippmann, the sinking of the Lusitania

A) Was an unprecedented act of war.
B) United Englishmen and Americans in a common grief.
C) Was nothing more than letting the steam off the inevitable conflict.
D) All of the above.

Question 27

In response to the sinking of the Lusitania, Woodrow Wilson

A) Denounced British violations of neutrality rights.
B) Called on Congress to declare war on Germany.
C) Ordered a new battleship-building program.
D) Demanded the immediate end to submarine warfare.

Question 28

The presidential election of 1916

A) Was a narrow victory for Wilson.
B) Had women suffragists campaigning against Wilson.
C) Freed Wilson to pursue a more vigorous foreign policy.
D) All of the above.

Question 29

On what did opponents and supporters of the military draft of 1917 agree?

A) They hoped the draft would deliver the nation's best for military service.
B) They feared the draft would mold its recruits.
C) They all wondered whether military training was at all useful.
D) They wondered whether the large number of volunteers made the draft even necessary.

Question 30

President Wilson's "peace without victory" slogan meant that

A) Both sides could negotiate the end to the war as equals.
B) In a war without winners there would be no losers.
C) The war would end and both sides could negotiate their differences rather than fighting about them.
D) All of the above.

Question 31

Why did President Wilson ask Congress for a declaration of war?

A) The Zimmerman telegram proved that Germany intended to invade the United States.
B) The attack on the Lusitania was considered an act of war.
C) It was the only way the United States could dictate the peace following the war.
D) Germany had announced it was not going to repay its war debts.

Question 32

The secret committee known as "Inquiry"

A) Used the abilities of both Walter Lippmann and Colonel House.
B) Planned for the eventual court martial of German officers following the war.
C) Utilized the archives and maps of the National Geographic Society to plan battles and supply routes.
D) Was designed to infiltrate German American churches and political organizations looking for spies.

Question 33

What was meant by the sentiment that the military draft would "break down distinctions of race and class"?

A) American soldiers would be molded into citizens.
B) The draft would be democratic and include all men between 18 and 45.
C) Immigrants would become "new Americans."
D) All of the above.

Question 34

Woodrow Wilson feared that American participation in World War I might

A) Erase 15 years of progressive reform.
B) Rekindle American imperialist appetites.
C) Lead to the defeat of the Allies and victory of the Axis powers.
D) Make no difference at all in the course of the war.

Question 35

Congress passed which of the following laws to suppress dissent?

A) Homeland Security.
B) The Safe Passage Act.
C) The Espionage Act.
D) The increased tariff.

Question 36

Indiana's Council for Defense deputized citizens to

A) Raid German homes.
B) Select recruits for the draft.
C) Censor the mail.
D) Order Germans to change their names.

Question 37

Which of the following refer(s) to wartime propaganda after 1917?

A) The government had a propaganda program.
B) The government warned Americans that they were in the Great War to save their own homes from potential invasion by the German kaiser.
C) The propaganda relied heavily on depictions of the Statue of Liberty.
D) All of the above.

Question 38

Which of the following refer(s) to programs President Wilson implemented to control the national economy?

A) The implementation of "cost-plus" contracts for businesses supplying war materials.
B) The nationalization of the railroads.
C) Imploring automobile manufacturers to cut output to allow for the production of army tanks.
D) All of the above.

Question 39

The Hog Island fiasco demonstrated that

A) Volunteerism and good will would not necessarily be enough to organize the war effort.
B) Shipbuilding should not be done on islands.
C) American shippers should use trucks as well as trains.
D) The United States did not have enough railroad cars or tracks.

Question 40

The War Industries Board created by Wilson was created to regulate

A) Prices.
B) Manufacturing.
C) Transportation.
D) All of the above.

Question 41

The "dollar-a-year men" were

A) Labor union leaders who worked for the War Industries Board for about $1.00 per year.
B) High-ranking industrialists and bankers who were paid $1.00 annually for their services.
C) Financiers who managed the nation's economy for about $1.00 per year.
D) Those who were opposed to the "war socialism" of World War I.

Question 42

During the war, the Ford Motor Company

A) Began manufacturing Jeeps for the war effort.
B) Began manufacturing tanks for the war effort.
C) Refused to stop manufacturing cars.
D) Manufactured ambulances for the war effort.

Question 43

The war economy resulted in all of the following except

A) The drive to eliminate cutthroat competition.
B) Wall Street's drive for corporate consolidation.
C) The management of a program to divide profits between employees and employers.
D) The progressives' push for federal regulation.

Question 44

The "Great Migration" between 1917 and 1918 referred to the movement of

A) Asian immigrants to the United States.
B) German people fleeing to France, Great Britain, and the United States.
C) African Americans from the rural South to the urban North and West.
D) Mexican laborers entering the United States without documentation.

Question 45

Which of the following encouraged African Americans to relocate from the South to the North during the war?

A) Lynchings, intimidation, and racist attitudes at home.
B) A hurricane that wiped out many black sharecroppers' houses and farms.
C) Promises of pay equal to what they were making in the South.
D) Northern labor unionizers who promised southern blacks free housing if they moved.

Question 46

Aside from higher pay, what could African American workers find in northern cities that they could not find back home?

A) Freedom and opportunity.
B) Desegregated neighborhoods.
C) Desegregated schools and churches.
D) All of the above.

Question 47

Jane Addams ascribed the quick ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 to

A) The Red Scare.
B) War psychology.
C) The tireless campaigns of Woodrow Wilson.
D) The impact of the League of Nations.

Question 48

When the Nineteenth Amendment was ratified in 1920,

A) President Wilson did not support ratification.
B) Woman suffragists linked woman suffrage with the nation's war aims.
C) Woman suffragists used local grassroots organizing to gain support.
D) All of the above describe the move for ratification.

Question 49

By 1920, __________ percent of women worked in offices.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 25
D) 50

Question 50

The American Expeditionary Force in June 1917

A) Was led by Commander John J. Pershing.
B) Arrived in France ready and willing to fight the Germans.
C) Was composed of about 40,000 men and 16,000 women.
D) All of the above.

Question 51

President Wilson

A) Sent blankets and Bibles to France.
B) Advanced $200 million to the Allies.
C) Encouraged the American soldiers to keep clean in mind and body.
D) Was relieved the war was fought in France only.

Question 52

By the late summer of 1918,

A) Germany was losing the war.
B) The French had surrendered.
C) German submarines in the Atlantic had surrendered.
D) American troops had arrived in France.

Question 53

According to some historians, what crucial mistake did Woodrow Wilson make after the cessation of hostilities?

A) He ceased to monitor developments in Europe.
B) He became single-mindedly focused on his political opposition at home.
C) He staked the success of the peace treaty on his own popularity.
D) He failed to take a political risk and commit to the peace negotiations.

Question 54

The U.S. Senate refused to ratify Wilson's Treaty of Versailles because, among other reasons,

A) The House of Representatives felt that they had not been consulted and refused to participate in the process.
B) Senators feared that U.S. involvement in the League of Nations would mean that American troops might be sent into Europe and settle European disputes.
C) Senators viewed Germany's postwar development as precarious.
D) The American congressmen feared an alliance with the revolutionaries in Russia.

Question 55

The result of Wilson's "going over the heads" of Congress was that

A) The treaty was ratified.
B) Congress became even more opposed to Wilson's high-handedness.
C) Wilson campaigned for passage and while he was on tour suffered a massive stroke.
D) Wilson lost his bid for reelection.

Question 56

The influenza pandemic of 1918 was

A) Global in its impact, killing about 30 million people worldwide.
B) A variant of a "swine flu."
C) A virus that spread rapidly throughout the soldiers on the front and civilians whose immunities were reduced because of wartime conditions.
D) All of the above.

Question 57

The term "Red Scare" referred to the American fear of

A) Cancer.
B) Communism.
C) Communists, anarchists, socialists, and labor unionists.
D) Members of the IWW.

Question 58

Sacco and Vanzetti were believed to be a threat to the United States because

A) They had been convicted of murder and robbery.
B) They were self-proclaimed anarchists.
C) They were in the country illegally.
D) They had served in the Italian army during World War I.

Question 59

How did the Great War help women get the right to vote?

Question 60

Define the "Red Scare" and the actions taken by the American government to secure Americans' safety.

Question 61

How did the Great War aid African Americans at home during the war?