Deck 8: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Question 1

A funnel is used to channel substances collected over a wide area into a narrow necked container. A funnel might be a good analogy for the

A) reaction center.
B) antenna complex.
C) thylakoid.
D) stoma.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following applies to chloroplasts?

A) They have an intermembrane space and a matrix.
B) They have three membrane-enclosed compartments.
C) Unlike mitochondria, they lack a stroma.
D) They carry out both photosynthesis and respiration.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The enzyme rubisco is important to the process of

A) catabolism.
B) fermentation.
C) glycolysis.
D) carbon fixation.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The first stage of the breakdown of sugar molecules for energy is

A) glycolysis.
B) oxidative phosphorylation.
C) the carbon cycle.
D) the Krebs cycle.

Question 5

Since plants are able to capture energy from the sun, why do they need to pass that energy through the chemical reactions necessary to produce ATP?

A) ATP allows the energy to be stored for later use or transferred to other chemical reactions.
B) Chloroplasts are unable to use the energy they capture from the sun.
C) Producing ATP allows the plant to destroy excess energy that was captured from the sun.
D) The mitochondria that capture the sun's energy are unable to use it for respiration.

Question 6

As an energy carrier, ATP differs from NADPH in that

A) ATP carries less energy than NADPH.
B) ATP transfers energy through redox reactions whereas NADPH uses phosphorylation.
C) NADPH is involved in a larger variety of chemical reaction than ATP.
D) NADPH is made by Photosystem I whereas ATP is made by Photosystem II.

Question 7

NAD++ is an energy carrier in living organisms that couples

A) oxygen and carbon dioxide.
B) ATP and water.
C) photosynthesis and metabolism.
D) the Krebs cycle.

Question 8

What is the importance of photosynthesis to organisms other than plants?

A) All other organisms require oxygen for life processes.
B) The sugars made during photosynthesis are building blocks of DNA.
C) All cells must have chloroplasts in order to survive.
D) Photosynthesis captures energy that other organisms access when they eat plants or organisms that eat plants.

Question 9

During photosynthesis, energized electrons flow

A) from Photosystem I to Photosystem II.
B) from the reaction center to the antenna complex.
C) from Photosystem II to Photosystem I.
D) from the stroma to the intermembrane space.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process by which ADP becomes ATP?

A) photosynthesis
B) phosphorylation
C) carbon fixation
D) electron transfer

Question 11

During the process of photosynthesis, plants capture light energy and store it in the form of

A) pyruvate.
B) stroma.
C) chemical bonds.
D) thylakoid disks.

Question 12

During photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle

A) uses ATP and NADPH to produce sugars.
B) moves electrons from Photosystem II to Photosystem I.
C) moves light-energized electrons to Photosystem II.
D) absorbs light from the light reactions.

Question 13

Which of the following molecules carryies electrons that will be used to reduce other molecules in an electron transport chain?

A) ATP
B) NADH
C) CO2
D) ADP

Question 14

Which of the following elements does not become incorporated into the sugars produced by photosynthesis?

A) carbon
B) phosphorous
C) hydrogen
D) oxygen

Question 15

The photosynthetic light reactions occur in the

A) thylakoid membrane.
B) stroma.
C) cytosol.
D) nucleus.

Question 16

What is the role of water in photosynthesis?

A) Water provides a phosphate group to ATP.
B) Water captures light energy and transfers it to the electron transport chain.
C) Water donates electrons to the electron transport chain.
D) Water combines with carbon dioxide (CO2) to make glucose.

Question 17

It's OK to say that your brain is solar powered, because

A) mitochondria in plant cells convert solar power to the chemical power that is used to run your brain.
B) cellular respiration is powered by sunlight.
C) the antenna complex in chloroplasts acts like a tiny solar panel, collecting sunlight to make the sugars that you consume to run your brain.
D) mitochondria in plant cells use solar power to split water molecules, creating the energy that runs your brain.

Question 18

Each time you take a breath you are bringing in the oxygen you need to stay alive. That oxygen comes from

A) carbon dioxide.
B) ATP.
C) water.
D) NADPH.

Question 19

The function of the Calvin cycle is to

A) capture energy from sunlight.
B) synthesize sugars.
C) produce pyruvate.
D) break down molecules in order to release energy.

Question 20

Which of the following statements describes the function of the electron transport chain (ETC) in photosynthesis?

A) As electrons move through the ETC, they release energy that is used to concentrate protons in the thylakoid lumen.
B) As electrons move through the ETC, they catalyze the formation of ATP.
C) The ETC releases CO2 from glucose.
D) The ETC captures and stores the electrons given off by NADPH.

Question 21

This is a diagram of the Calvin cycle, which is a series of enzymatic reactions that manufacture sugars.
How many times must this cycle "turn" to make one molecule of glucose (six carbons)?

A) 1
B) 3
C) 6
D) 12

Question 22

The burning pain in your muscles during strenuous exercise is a result of

A) the build up of lactic acid during fermentation.
B) signals sent to the nervous system by O2-starved cells.
C) the accumulation of pyruvate in the absence of oxidative phosphorylation.
D) the lack of ATP needed to regulate the pain receptors in your muscle cells.

Question 23

During exercise, the increase in respiration rate and heartbeat speed are driven by the need for

A) oxygen in fermentation.
B) carbon dioxide in human lungs.
C) oxygen in muscle cell mitochondria.
D) oxygen in dark reactions.

Question 24

The energy released by electrons as they move through the electron transport chain is used

A) to pump electrons from the thylakoid matrix to the cytosol.
B) to pump acetyl CoA into the Krebs cycle.
C) to pump protons into the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
D) to pump pyruvate into the first reaction of glycolysis.

Question 25

During alcoholic fermentation, pyruvate is converted to ethanol in order to

A) increase the efficiency of cellular respiration by producing additional molecules of ATP.
B) release O2 as a by-product so that cellular respiration can continue.
C) create lactic acid to stimulate muscle contraction.
D) recycle NADH back into NAD+++ so that the cell can continue glycolysis.

Question 26

The energy needed for oxidative phosphorylation comes from

A) ATP
B) NADPH
C) NADH.
D) CO2

Question 27

The process that produces ATP from sugars and fats begins with

A) glycolysis.
B) photosynthesis.
C) the electron transport chain.
D) the Krebs cycle.

Question 28

Most of the oxidation reactions that produce NADH in a cell take place in

A) the Krebs cycle.
B) glycolysis.
C) photosynthesis.
D) the electron transport chain.

Question 29

The three stages of aerobic catabolism are

A) photosynthesis, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation.
B) glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
C) glycolysis, fermentation, and the Krebs cycle.
D) photosynthesis, the Krebs cycle, and fermentation.

Question 30

Acetyl CoA is a substrate of

A) glycolysis.
B) the Krebs cycle.
C) the electron transport chain.
D) the Calvin cycle.

Question 31

The Krebs cycle produces

A) NADH and carbon dioxide.
B) water and carbon dioxide.
C) ADP and NADP++.
D) acetyl CoA and sugars.

Question 32

The Krebs cycle takes place in

A) the mitochondrial matrix.
B) the cytosol.
C) the thylakoid membrane.
D) the outer mitochondrial membrane.

Question 33

The earliest atmosphere of Earth is not believed to have contained oxygen. Which cellular component would not have been useful at that time?

A) chloroplast
B) nucleus
C) plasma membrane
D) mitochondrion

Question 34

Glycolysis occurs in the _______ of a cell.

A) nucleus
B) chloroplast
C) mitochondrion
D) cytosol

Question 35

The figure below is a diagram of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
How did the protons (H⁺) in this diagram become concentrated on one side of the membrane?

A) The H+ were pumped across the membrane by the electron transport chain.
B) The H+ were released when ATP phosphorylated a membrane protein.
C) ATP was used to pump the H+ across the membrane.
D) Oxygen must release 2 H+ in the intermembrane space before it can move into the matrix.

Question 36

The chemical 3-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) blocks the movement of electrons at the point indicated by the arrow in the figure below.
Which of the following would be an immediate effect of treating a chloroplast with this drug?

A) Water molecules would be split at a faster rate than when the drug is not present.
B) The amount of NADPH produced by the light reactions would increase.
C) A proton gradient would not be created so ATP couldn't be made.
D) The Calvin cycle would not occur.

Question 37

The number and arrangement of membranes within a chloroplast are important to the chloroplast's functions. How would the absence of these membranes affect the manufacture of ATP within a chloroplast?

A) The chloroplast would not be able to maintain the proton gradient required for ATP production.
B) The chloroplast would be unable to capture ATP directly from the sun.
C) The chloroplast would be unable to perform the Calvin cycle.
D) The chloroplast would be unable to perform anaerobic respiration.

Question 38

NADP++ is

A) oxidized by Photosystem I.
B) reduced by Photosystem I.
C) reduced by Photosystem II.
D) oxidized by Photosystem II.

Question 39

Which of the following statements comparing photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true?

A) Photosynthesis is a catabolic reaction whereas cellular respiration is an anabolic reaction.
B) Water is formed during photosynthesis, but broken apart during cellular respiration.
C) Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration involve electron transport chains.
D) Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration produce CO2.

Question 40

Glycolysis

A) requires oxygen.
B) produces oxygen.
C) produces ATP.
D) produces citric acid.

Question 41

The inner membrane of a mitochondrion is highly folded. Which of the following explains why this is the case?

A) The folds protect the proteins in the inner membrane from the toxic by-products of cellular respiration.
B) The folds increase the space available for electron transport chains, increasing the efficiency of ATP production.
C) The extra folds make the mitochondrion more efficient at capturing carbon dioxide.
D) The antenna complexes in the inner membrane form clusters that force the membrane into folds.

Question 42

Cellular respiration is, essentially, the opposite of photosynthesis.

Question 43

Humans' large brains require a significant share of the body's production of _______, the most commonly used energy carrier.

Question 44

The innermost membrane in a chloroplast is the ___________ membrane.

Question 45

During the Calvin cycle, the enzyme rubisco combines a ____-carbon compound with CO₂ to form an unstable carbohydrate [the answer is a number].

Question 46

_______ reactions break down and gradually oxidize food molecules to produce energy.

Question 47

You have been shrunk to molecular size and find yourself in a mitochondrial chamber where protons are being pumped out across a membrane into another chamber. You are in the mitochondrion's __________.

Question 48

ATP synthase is a protein involved in the redox reactions of the electron transport chain.

Question 49

NAD⁺ becomes NADH when it gains two high-energy _____ and one proton.

Question 50

An electron transport chain is made up of a group of electron-accepting _______ embedded in a membrane.

Question 51

In mitochondria, ATP is produced in conjunction with proteins in the membrane that surrounds a region in the mitochondrion known as the ____________.

Question 52

_______ organisms require oxygen in order to extract energy from food.

Question 53

Although _____ has less energy than other energy carriers, it is more versatile since it can be used in a larger variety of chemical reactions.

Question 54

The green pigment most commonly associated with photosynthesis is _______.

Question 55

The conversion of inorganic carbon from air into the carbon atoms found in all living organisms is known as carbon _______.

Question 56

The growth of corn as a biofuel requires a great deal of fertilizer and gas-powered machinery. When processed, corn produces relatively low amounts of biodiesel. Is biodiesel made from corn carbon neutral?

A) Yes. The amount of CO2 that is produced by burning biodiesel from corn is equal to the amount of CO2 fixed by corn during its growth.
B) No. The production of fertilizer and use of machinery probably produce more CO2 than corn plants are able to fix during their growth.
C) Yes. Biodiesel from corn produces sulfur when it is burned, not CO2.
D) No. Corn actually fixes more CO2 as it is grown than biofuel made from corn releases when it is burned.

Question 57

The pigments of plant cells capture primarily the wavelengths of light that are colored _____ and _____.

Question 58

The mitochondria of plants contain thylakoids.

Question 59

Energized electrons from the antenna complex are passed along to the ___________ center.

Question 60

You have been shrunk to molecular size and find yourself in a chamber in a chloroplast where protons are being pumped into another chamber. You are in the ___________.

Question 61

Energy is used to force protons from the thylakoid space back into the stroma.

Question 62

Oxidative phosphorylation includes an electron transport chain.

Question 63

The energy needed to produce the flash of a firefly originally came from sunlight.

Question 64

Electrons gain energy as they move through the electron transport chain.

Question 65

Only animal cells carry out oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 66

Fermentation produces more ATP molecules than aerobic respiration does.

Question 67

The muscles of a very active organism would contain fewer mitochondria than the muscles of a less active organism.

Question 68

How was the accumulation of O₂ as a by-product of photosynthesis important to the evolution of animals on Earth?

Question 69

Alcohol is a by-product of fermentation by yeast.

Question 70

The NADH produced by the Krebs cycle donates electrons to the electron transport chain.