Question 1

The tendency of society to feel fearful over a perceived evil that threatens their values or interests and assigns blame to a villain for promoting the evil.&#10;A) Negative reinforcement&#10;B) Moral panic&#10;C) Habituation&#10;D) Vicarious reaction

Accepted Answer

Moral panic refers to the collective social response to a perceived threat to social norms, values, and interests. This response is characterized by heightened concern and fear over the threat and the attribution of blame to a villain or group seen as promoting or embodying the threat. Examples of moral panics include the Satanic panic of the 1980s and 1990s and the current panic over "fake news" and its alleged impact on democracy. Negative reinforcement refers to the removal or avoidance of an aversive stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior. Habituation refers to the process of becoming accustomed to a stimulus and responding less strongly to it over time. Vicarious reaction refers to the emotional response to the experiences of others, such as feeling happy for someone else's success or feeling sad for someone's loss.

Question 2

A form of learning in which a natural response to a stimulus decreases after repeated or prolonged presentations of that stimulus.&#10;A) Negative reinforcement&#10;B) Moral panic&#10;C) Habituation&#10;D) Vicarious reaction

Accepted Answer

The described phenomenon is known as habituation, in which a natural response to a stimulus gradually decreases after being exposed to it repeatedly or for a prolonged period. Negative reinforcement involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus in order to increase desired behavior, moral panic refers to a widespread fear or concern about a particular issue that is not necessarily based in reality, and vicarious reaction refers to experiencing an emotional response to someone else's actions or experiences.

Question 3

Internalizing rewards or consequences of mediated violence. One expects to receive similar rewards by behaving the same way in the physical world.&#10;A) Negative reinforcement&#10;B) Moral panic&#10;C) Habituation&#10;D) Vicarious reaction

Accepted Answer

Vicarious reaction refers to the process of learning through observing others' behaviors and the consequences they face, leading to an expectation of similar outcomes for similar actions in one's own life. This is relevant when discussing the internalization of behaviors seen in media, such as violence, and expecting similar rewards or consequences in the real world.

Question 4

Organized collection of information stored in one's memory that conveys contextual and behavioral elements.&#10;A) Cognitive script&#10;B) Negative reinforcement&#10;C) Social learning&#10;D) None of these is true

Accepted Answer

A cognitive script is an organized collection of information stored in one's memory that conveys contextual and behavioral elements. It helps an individual in interpreting and responding to familiar situations.

Question 5

________ continued experiments to understand and refine the way in which humans transmitted imitative behavior through social modeling.&#10;A) Edison&#10;B) Bandura&#10;C) Bushman and Huesmann&#10;D) Grizzard

Accepted Answer

Bandura is well-known for his studies on social learning theory, specifically on how people learn through observing and modeling the behavior of others. He continued to conduct experiments to refine this theory. Edison is famous for his work as an inventor, not for studies in psychology. Bushman and Huesmann are known for their research on aggression and media violence, not social learning theory. Grizzard is known for his research on media effects and virtual environments, not social learning theory.

Question 6

______ seeks to describe how people process violent images (including firearms) and what impact these have on aggression.&#10;A) Priming&#10;B) General Aggression Model&#10;C) Social Learning Theory&#10;D) A cognitive script

Accepted Answer

The General Aggression Model seeks to explain how exposure to violent media (including violent images such as firearms) can lead to increased aggression through cognitive, affective, and arousal processes. It takes into account individual differences in personality and situational context in determining the likelihood of aggressive behavior. Priming, Social Learning Theory, and cognitive scripts may also play a role in the processing of violent images, but do not provide as comprehensive of an explanation as the General Aggression Model.

Deck 10: Dark Media: Violence, Pornography, and Addiction