Question 1

Based on court rulings, student media at private schools are generally subject to more prior restraint than student media at public schools.

Accepted Answer

Private schools have more legal authority to regulate student speech within their institutions compared to public schools, which are bound by the First Amendment's protection of free speech. As a result, student media at private schools may be subject to more prior restraint. However, it should be noted that there are still certain limitations on a private school's ability to censor student speech, such as contractual obligations and state laws.

Question 2

Based on court rulings, student media at universities are generally subject to more prior restraint than student media at high schools.

Accepted Answer

Court rulings, particularly the Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) and Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988), have established that student media at universities enjoy greater freedom and are generally less subject to prior restraint compared to high schools, where the Hazelwood decision allows school officials more leeway to censor school-sponsored expression.

Question 3

Prior to the Columbine tragedy in 1999, courts always sided with high school students in their free-speech conflicts with administrators, but since 1999 they tend to side with administrators.

Accepted Answer

Before the Columbine tragedy in 1999, courts did not always side with high school students in their free-speech conflicts with administrators. The landmark Supreme Court case Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) set a precedent that students do not "shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate," but it also allowed for limitations if the speech disrupts the educational process. Since then, various cases have shown a mix of outcomes, sometimes favoring students and sometimes favoring administrators, depending on the context and the impact of the speech on the school environment.

Question 4

In general, students at colleges and universities have greater free speech rights than students at high schools.

Accepted Answer

This is because colleges and universities are considered public forums for free expression, while high schools are considered more restrictive environments focused on maintaining order and discipline. However, even college students' free speech rights may be limited in certain circumstances, such as when it comes to hate speech or speech that threatens the safety and well-being of others.

Question 5

Even though it has been mostly &#34;undone&#34; by later cases, the 1969 case of Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District established which of the following legal principles?&#10;A) parameters for defining indecency and obscenity are different on high school and college campuses than in the community at large&#10;B) high school teachers have the same &#34;academic freedom&#34; rights as college professors&#10;C) students do not lose their constitutional rights when they walk into a high school or college campus&#10;D) non-sanctioned or &#34;underground&#34; newspapers can be banned by high school principals&#10;E) the administration of a public school is not required to tolerate speech that is inconsistent with its educational mission

Accepted Answer

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District established that students do not lose their constitutional rights when they walk into a high school or college campus. In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that students have the right to express their political opinions as long as it does not disrupt the educational process or infringe on the rights of others. While the case has been partially overturned by subsequent rulings, the basic principle of protecting students' free speech rights has remained in place.

Question 6

The 1988 case of Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier, the Supreme Court ruled that the ultimate authority for control of a student newspaper at a public high school rests with what person?&#10;A) the student editor&#10;B) the journalism teacher&#10;C) the faculty advisor&#10;D) the principal&#10;E) the chairman of the local school board

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court ruled in Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier that the ultimate authority for control of a student newspaper at a public high school rests with the principal. The principal has the right to review and censor content that is inconsistent with the educational mission of the school.

Question 7

In the 1986 case of Bethel v. Fraser, which dealt with the students' choice of a commencement speaker, the Supreme Court made which of the following rulings?&#10;A) parameters for defining indecency and obscenity are different on high school and college campuses than in the community at large&#10;B) high school teachers have the same academic freedom rights as college professors&#10;C) students do not lose their constitutional rights when they walk onto a high school or college campus&#10;D) non-sanctioned or &#34;underground&#34; newspapers can be banned by high school principals&#10;E) the administration of a public school is not required to tolerate speech that is inconsistent with the school's educational mission

Accepted Answer

In the case of Bethel v. Fraser, the Supreme Court ruled that the administration of a public school is not required to tolerate speech that is inconsistent with the school's educational mission. The court upheld the school's decision to discipline a student for using vulgar language during his speech at a school assembly. Therefore, choice E is the correct answer.

Question 8

What do books such as Of Mice and Men, Catcher in the Rye, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Huckleberry Finn, and the Harry Potter series have in common?&#10;A) they are among the first books ever denied a place in the Library of Congress because of controversial content&#10;B) they are among the first books ever scanned and posted on the Internet&#10;C) the are among the books most often removed from K-12 school libraries due to parents' complaints about content&#10;D) they are among the books that many other countries refuse to import because they imply American superiority to other countries&#10;E) all of the above

Accepted Answer

These books are all frequently challenged or banned in K-12 school libraries due to controversial content, such as profanity, sexual content, and racism.

Question 9

The model for college media in which campus newspapers and television productions are created and distributed by students not working as part of a class activity but under the supervision of a faculty member is called the

A) advisor model
B) laboratory model
C) independent model
D) captive audience model
E) free speech model

Accepted Answer

The laboratory model is a model for college media in which campus newspapers and television productions are created and distributed as part of a classroom activity. This model allows for students to gain hands-on experience and learn practical skills in journalism and media production. The advisor model involves a professional media advisor who oversees the content and production of the campus media, while the independent model allows for complete editorial independence and responsibility from the students. The captive audience model refers to a situation in which a certain audience is required or forced to consume a particular media product, while the free speech model emphasizes the importance of freedom of expression and editorial independence in college media.

Question 10

The model for college media in which campus newspapers and television productions are created and distributed by students not working as part of a class activity but under the supervision of a faculty member is called the

A) advisor model
B) laboratory model
C) independent model
D) captive audience model
E) free speech model

Accepted Answer

The advisor model is where student media is produced by students not as part of a class activity but under the supervision of a faculty advisor, distinguishing it from the laboratory model where the media serves as a class project.

Question 11

The Jeanne Clery Act is a federal law that requires colleges and universities to do what?&#10;A) establish &#34;free speech zones&#34; on their campuses&#10;B) offer their students &#34;opt out&#34; and &#34;opt in&#34; provisions for paying activity fees&#10;C) make available to the media and the public statistics regarding crimes committed on or near campus&#10;D) set-up review committees with the authority to censor the student newspaper&#10;E) all of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Jeanne Clery Act is a federal...

Question 12

Which of the following statements is/are true about &#34;free speech zones&#34; on university campuses?&#10;A) there are no Supreme Court cases involving free speech zones, but lower courts typically rules that such policies violate the First Amendment&#10;B) before such conflicts reach the court system, most policies regarding &#34;free speech zones&#34; are abandoned following student and faculty protests&#10;C) many universities still have free speech zones but are reluctant to enforce the policy&#10;D) all of the above&#10;E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is/are true...

Question 13

The legal concept under which university students have sued their institutions to (unsuccessfully) challenge the idea of mandatory student activity fees is&#10;A) cruel and unusual punishment&#10;B) overbreadth and vagueness&#10;C) prior restraint&#10;D) compelled speech&#10;E) strict scrutiny

Accepted Answer

The answer of The legal concept under which university students...

Deck 5: Campus Issues