Deck 1: The Influence of Exercise on Infection Risk

Question 1

In Nieman's (1994b) J-shaped model of the relationship between upper respiratory tract infection and exercise...

A) Moderate exercise is associated with an average risk of infection and intense exercise is associated with an above-average risk of infection
B) Moderate exercise is associated with an above-average risk of infection and intense exercise is associated with a below-average risk of infection
C) Moderate exercise is associated with a below-average risk of infection and intense exercise is associated with an above-average risk of infection
D) Moderate exercise is associated with an above-average risk of infection and intense exercise is associated with an average risk of infection
E) Only intense exercise is associated with an altered risk of infection compared with a sedentary lifestyle

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following statements describes a virus?

A) A microscopic organism that lacks nuclei and other organised cell structures
B) A microscopic organism that lives on or in another organism and benefits by deriving its nutrients at the host's expense
C) A multinucleated microscopic organisms with single stranded RNA and reverse transcriptase
D) A microscopic organism that cannot replicate or express its genes without a living cell
E) A nucleated microscopic organisms with double-stranded DNA and reverse transcriptase

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In the study by Peters and Bateman (1983), what was the relationship between race time and reported upper respiratory infection?

A) The fastest finishers reported the highest number of symptoms
B) The slowest finishers reported the highest number of symptoms
C) The fastest finishers reported the lowest number of symptoms
D) Race time was not related to symptoms of infection
E) None of the above

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In the study by Nieman et al. (1990a), what percentage of runners experienced symptoms of upper respiratory infection during the two months leading up to the marathon?

A) 0.3
B) 0.4
C) 0.5
D) 0.6
E) 0.7

Question 5

In the study by Spence et al. (2007), what was the most common detected pathogen identified in the athletes reporting upper respiratory tract symptoms?

A) Rhinovirus
B) Streptococcus pyogenes
C) Haemophilus influenzae
D) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
E) Coronavirus

Question 6

Cox et al. (2008) evaluated upper respiratory symptoms in elite Australian athletes. What percentage of cases were identified as having an allergic (non-infectious) cause?

A) 0.3
B) 0.4
C) 0.5
D) 0.6
E) 0.7

Question 7

In the study of Nieman et al. (1993a), which group reported the lowest incidence of upper respiratory symptoms over the 12-week period of the study?

A) Older women who walked
B) Older women who stretched
C) Non-active older women
D) Masters athletes
E) None of the above

Question 8

In their large cohort study, what method did Nieman et al. (2011a) employ to collect upper respiratory symptom data?

A) Daily log book
B) Physician diagnosis
C) Validated questionnaire
D) One-week recall
E) Monthly recall

Question 9

The incidence of upper respiratory tract infections is generally higher in the winter months.