Deck 13: Dietary Supplements

Question 1

Which of the following is true regarding essential nutrients and vitamins?

A) They are made and stored in our bodies because they are critical to our health.
B) They prevent or cure the pathology associated with their deficiency.
C) They can cure a wide variety of diseases, such as the common cold.
D) They must be obtained in pill form in order to get sufficient quantities.
E) They can significantly improve exercise performance when taken at least twice the daily recommended amount.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Dietary fiber helps maintain which of the following?

A) A healthy weight
B) Lowers the risk of diabetes
C) Lowers the risk of heart disease
D) Prevents or relieves constipation
E) All the above

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Where is most of the body's creatine found?

A) The liver
B) The kidneys
C) Skeletal muscle
D) The lungs
E) The adrenal gland

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT supported by research on the effects of creatine?

A) Improved upper-body strength
B) Improved repetitive-bout exercise tasks of less than 30 seconds
C) Improved lean body mass
D) Swimming or running performance
E) Improved the amount of mass lifted and force generated

Question 5

Increased essential omega-3 fatty acid consumption correlates with which of the following?

A) Significant decreases in blood levels of HDL
B) Increases in blood levels of LDL
C) Decreases in blood levels of triglycerides
D) Lower blood sugar
E) Weight gain

Question 6

The essential omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory action, in part, because:

A) They are potent inhibitors of COX-1 and COX-2
B) They cause the rapid degradation of prostaglandins
C) They are converted into resolvins that help resolve inflammation
D) They lower temperature through anti-pyretic mechanisms
E) They cause desensitization of critical receptors in the inflammatory response

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT part of the extracellular matrix in humans?

A) Hyaluronic acid
B) Glucosamine
C) Chondroitin sulfate
D) Cellulose
E) Collagen

Question 8

Nutrition is too complex at an individual level for a detailed genetic analysis that would tailor a diet with recommended supplementation for an elite athlete.

Question 9

A 200-pound male will need about 2600-2800 calories a day to maintain body weight.

Question 10

One of the problems with exercise is that it can greatly stimulate appetite and the individual ends up consuming many more calories than were burned during the activity.

Question 11

Creatine kinase transfers the high-energy phosphate from phosphocreatine to ADP making ATP.

Question 12

Slow twitch muscle fibers are a reservoir for creatine as they stockpile large amounts of critical metabolic substrate.

Question 13

Most of our daily need for creatine is met with a diet containing fresh fruits and vegetables.

Question 14

Creatine is considered an ergogenic aid and is on the WADA Prohibited List.

Question 15

A double bond at the third carbon from the methyl end (opposite the fatty acid end) makes a fatty acid an omega-3 fatty acid.

Question 16

Fish oil supplements are potentially dangerous because of high mercury and PCB/dioxin contamination.

Question 17

Adequate dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids can slow the age-related cognitive decline and may help prevent brain deterioration, including senile dementia.

Question 18

It is important to have a diet rich in omega-6 fats compared to omega-3 fats to ensure proper growth and maintain muscle strength.

Question 19

Osteoarthritis, the most common form of arthritis is sometimes called the "wear and tear" arthritis.

Question 20

Vitamin C plays a key role in collagen structure and the health of our joints.

Question 21

Collagen is important to the extracellular matrix because it binds 50 times its weight in water.

Question 22

Humans can produce sufficient vitamin D if they get adequate sunshine.

Question 23

The active form of vitamin D is a peptide hormone important in inflammation and prevention of cancer.

Question 24

One of the serious health consequences of vitamin D deficiency is the resulting elevated level of parathyroid hormone.

Question 25

Toxicity is associated with taking excessive amounts of vitamin D supplements.

Question 26

The manifestation of vitamin D deficiency in children is ____________.

Question 27

Vitamins, minerals, herbs or botanicals, amino acids, metabolites, or some type of extract are grouped together as _____________________.

Question 28

Matching Question:
-This hormone produced in the gut stimulates appetite and hunger.

A) leptin
B) ghrelin
C) neuropeptide Y
D) serotonin
E) endocannabinoids

Question 29

Matching Question:
-This hormone suppresses neuropeptide Y and food intake.

A) leptin
B) ghrelin
C) neuropeptide Y
D) serotonin
E) endocannabinoids

Question 30

Matching Question:
-This hormone's level increases proportionally to BMI and percent body fat.

A) leptin
B) ghrelin
C) neuropeptide Y
D) serotonin
E) endocannabinoids

Question 31

Matching Question:
-Elimination of this factor in the rodent brain produces anorexia.

A) leptin
B) ghrelin
C) neuropeptide Y
D) serotonin
E) endocannabinoids

Question 32

Matching Question:
-These modified lipid molecules increase when fasting and decrease during satiety.

A) leptin
B) ghrelin
C) neuropeptide Y
D) serotonin
E) endocannabinoids

Question 33

Matching Question:
-This neuroendocrine factor suppresses appetite; low levels are associated with food cravings.

A) leptin
B) ghrelin
C) neuropeptide Y
D) serotonin
E) endocannabinoids

Question 34

Matching Question:
-Many obese people have elevated levels of this, suggesting that they have become resistant to its action.

A) leptin
B) ghrelin
C) neuropeptide Y
D) serotonin
E) endocannabinoids

Question 35

Matching Question:
-Levels of this hormone and its control of appetite are dependent on sleep duration.

A) leptin
B) ghrelin
C) neuropeptide Y
D) serotonin
E) endocannabinoids

Question 36

Matching Question:
-This hormone stimulates neuropeptide Y and increases food intake.

A) leptin
B) ghrelin
C) neuropeptide Y
D) serotonin
E) endocannabinoids