Deck 3: Autonomic Pharmacology and Stress

Question 1

How is the parasympathetic nervous system characterized?

A) By using norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter
B) By having very short post-ganglionic fibers
C) By having long post-ganglionic fibers that branch extensively
D) By its ability to increase heart rate
E) By its ability to control skeletal muscle

Answer 1

B

Question 2

How is the sympathetic nervous system characterized?

A) By having muscarinic receptors
B) By its innervation of skeletal muscle
C) By having long post-ganglionic fibers that branch extensively
D) By slowing the rate of contraction in the heart
E) By having close to a 1:1 ration of pre- and post-ganglionic fibers

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What is the name of the site where two neurons communicate?

A) A gap junction
B) A tight junction
C) A homeopathic interaction
D) A synapse
E) A ganglionic structure

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The primary hormone released by the adrenal medulla, which can also have neurotransmitter activity, is referred to as which of the following?

A) Adrenaline
B) Dopamine
C) Cortisol
D) Norepinephrine
E) Acetylcholine

Question 5

Matching Question:
-The transmitter for post-ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system.

A) norepinephrine
B) Epinephrine
C) Acetylcholine

Question 6

Matching Question:
-The transmitter used in ganglions of the sympathetic nervous system.

A) norepinephrine
B) Epinephrine
C) Acetylcholine

Question 7

Matching Question:
-The transmitter used in ganglions of the parasympathetic nervous system.

A) norepinephrine
B) Epinephrine
C) Acetylcholine

Question 8

Matching Question:
-The transmitter used at muscarinic receptors.

A) norepinephrine
B) Epinephrine
C) Acetylcholine

Question 9

Matching Question:
-The transmitter released from the adrenal medulla.

A) norepinephrine
B) Epinephrine
C) Acetylcholine

Question 10

Matching Question:
-The transmitter used by motor neurons.

A) norepinephrine
B) Epinephrine
C) Acetylcholine

Question 11

Matching Question:
-The transmitter used at nicotinic receptors.

A) norepinephrine
B) Epinephrine
C) Acetylcholine

Question 12

When an autonomic nerve fiber is severed, the target organ can often maintain some type of spontaneous activity

Question 13

Following intense exercise, the level of pain suppressing chemicals related to morphine and cannabinoids increases.

Question 14

Highly trained individuals have marked increase in cortisol levels following a stressful event compared to untrained subjects.

Question 15

During recovery from a bout of intense or prolonged exercise, cortisol released from the adrenal cortex helps reduce inflammation in skeletal muscles.

Question 16

Beta-1 and beta-2 receptors are evenly distributed throughout the body.

Question 17

Neurotransmitters released from the presynaptic cell stimulate the post-synaptic cell to propagate the signal.

Question 18

Exercise increases adrenal activity and makes stress worse-it should be avoided.

Question 19

Allostatic load results from chronic or persistent stress.

Question 20

Beta-1 receptors dominate in the heart and beta-2 receptors dominate in the lungs.