Deck 2: Building Ethics at the Individual Level

Question 1

… is defined as any actions that violate accepted societal norms.

A)Unethical Behavior
B)Moral awareness
C)Ethical Awareness
D)Moral Judgment
E)None of the above

Answer 1

A

Question 2

…refers to the ability of an individual to understand the ethicality of a situation or behavior

A)Unethical Behavior
B)Moral awareness
C)Ethical Awareness
D)Moral Judgment
E)Moral indecision

Answer 2

B

Question 3

… refers to the process by which someone reasons about how to deal with an ethical situation

A)Unethical Behavior
B)Moral awareness
C)Ethical Awareness
D)Moral Judgment
E)None of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The deactivation processes where, when faced with potential behavior counter to his or her own personal standards, a person may choose to deactivate the standard and still participate in the behavior is known as

A)Dehumanization
B)Moral disengagement
C)Moral justification
D)Advantageous comparison
E)None of the above

Question 5

When individuals justify certain actions to make them seem more morally acceptable.

A)Dehumanization occurs
B)Moral disengagement occurs
C)Moral justification occurs
D)Advantageous comparison occurs
E)Moral indecision occurs

Question 6

Advantageous comparison occurs when someone compares a worse behavior with another behavior and rationalizes the behavior on that basis.

A)Dehumanization occurs
B)Moral disengagement occurs
C)Moral justification occurs
D)Advantageous comparison occurs
E)None of the above

Question 7

When a company justifies dumping toxic pollutants in a river because the wildlife destroyed by the act may not be seen as worth saving because they are seen as sub-humans, the company is engaging in

A)Dehumanization
B)Moral disengagement
C)Moral justification
D)Advantageous comparison
E)Moral indecision

Question 8

When a person can blame the misreporting of sales figures for a quarter because the boss wanted the behavior, this is called a (n)

A)Attribution of blame
B)Diffusion of responsibility
C)Distortion of consequences
D)Displacement of responsibility
E)Moral indecision

Question 9

When a specific member of a board of directors can attribute the decision to close a plant to the group rather than an individual decision, this is called a (n)

A)Attribution of blame
B)Diffusion of responsibility
C)Distortion of consequences
D)Displacement of responsibility
E)None of the above

Question 10

When a customer returns a used product by justifying that the unethical behavior will clearly not impact the large company from which the product was purchased, this called a (n)

A)Attribution of blame
B)Diffusion of responsibility
C)Distortion of consequences
D)Displacement of responsibility
E)Attribution of responsibility

Question 11

When the decision maker ascribes the fault for the decision to the target, this is called

A)Attribution of responsibility
B)Diffusion of responsibility
C)Distortion of consequences
D)Displacement of responsibility
E)Attribution of blame

Question 12

This occur when the "most well-meaning person unwittingly allows unconscious thoughts and feelings to influence seemingly objective decisions"

A)Conscious biases
B)Motivated blindness
C)Unconscious blindness
D)Unconscious biases
E)Attribution of blame

Question 13

When people tend to make associations between employee characteristics and organizational outcomes that may not be accurate, this is called

A)Attribution of blame
B)Implicit prejudice
C)Unconscious biases
D)Motivated blindness
E)Attribution of blame

Question 14

According to Banaji et al. (2003), in-group favoritism occurs because people tend to favor those individuals who share similar

A)School
B)Social class
C)Religion
D)None of the above
E)All of the above

Question 15

Decision-making that can be unconsciously affected because the decision maker may benefit from the chosen decision is

A)Motivated blindness
B)Unconscious Biases
C)Conflict of interest
D)Conscious Biases
E)None of the above

Question 16

When a manager may turn overlooks a salesperson filing a fraudulent expense claim because the salesperson is one of the best performers in the company, he or she is engaging in which of the following?

A)Motivated blindness
B)Unconscious Biases
C)Implicit prejudice
D)Conscious Biases
E)None of the above

Question 17

… refers to the ability of individuals to access and interpret the moral context of information and stimuli they are presented with

A)Moral awareness
B)Moral attentiveness
C)Moral disengagement
D)Ethical awareness
E)None of the above

Question 18

… refers to the cognitive framework individuals prefer to use in moral decision making

A)Ethical predispositions
B)Moral awareness
C)Moral Judgment
D)Unethical behavior
E)None of the above

Question 19

When a company executive may unconsciously prefer a job applicant who also holds an MBA from the same school that the executive went to, they are demonstrating?

A)Motivated blindness
B)Moral disengagement
C)In-group favoritism
D)Unconscious Biases
E)None of the above

Question 20

When employees justify unethical behavior as orders that came from their managers, they are refering to?

A)Obedience to authority
B)Conscious Biases
C)Displacement of Responsibility
D)Advantageous comparison
E)Moral indecision

Question 21

Incrementalism refers to:

A)Justifying unethical behaviors as orders from their manager
B)Employee has tendoncy of imitating or accepting the values of others
C)Turning a blind eye to unethical behavior because if is beneficial to them
D)Employees that engage in minor unethical infractions that eventually leads to major ethical infractions
E)None of the above

Question 22

Moral intensity is dependent on how many different elements?

A)Five
B)One
C)Six
D)Three
E)Eight

Question 23

When tabacco executive deny the link between smoking and cancer despite decades of evidence suggesting a link, this is called:

A)Moral Justification
B)Moral Disengagement
C)Displacement of Responsibility
D)Attribution of Responsibility
E)None of the above

Question 24

The use of morally neutral language to make something seem less immoral refers to:

A)Euphemistic Labeling
B)Adventageous comparision
C)Moral Justification
D)Displacement of Responsibility
E)None of the above

Question 25

Under this principle,the torturing of terrorists is acceptable, as they have brough such actions to themselves is referred to as:

A)Attribution of blame
B)Dehumanization
C)Distortion of Consequences
D)Diffusion of responsibility
E)None of the above

Question 26

What is moral awareness? Discuss briefly the six basic elements of moral awareness.

Question 27

Discuss Kohlberg's six stages of moral reasoning. How can companies use Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning to help its employees make more ethical decisions?

Question 28

Compare and contrast idealism with relativism.

Question 29

You have been asked to decide whether you should close a plant or not. Discuss how you would apply utilitarian ethics to make the decision. How would use of Kantian ethics help you make the decision?

Question 30

What is moral disengagement? Briefly discuss each of the 8 elements of moral disengagement.