Question 1

Cultural universals include all of the following except _______.&#10;A) Athletic sports&#10;B) Weaving&#10;C) Banking&#10;D) Housing

Accepted Answer

While athletic sports, weaving, and housing are cultural universals found in most societies, banking is not necessarily universal. Some societies may not have developed formal banking systems or use alternative forms of financial organization.

Question 2

Which of the following best summarizes the iceberg theory of culture?&#10;A) Most characteristics of culture are beneath the surface&#10;B) Most characteristics of culture are easily recognizable&#10;C) Culture is best observed in a neutral environment&#10;D) Culture in Nordic countries is similar to culture in Artic countries

Accepted Answer

The iceberg theory of culture suggests that most characteristics of a culture, such as values, beliefs, and attitudes, are beneath the surface, hidden and not immediately visible. This implies that there are deeper, unconscious aspects of culture that are influential but not easily recognized.

Question 3

Hofstede's five dimensions of culture include all except ______.&#10;A) Social orientation&#10;B) Reward orientation&#10;C) Goal orientation&#10;D) Time orientation

Accepted Answer

Hofstede's five dimensions of culture include power distance, individualism vs collectivism, masculinity vs femininity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term vs short-term orientation. Reward orientation is not one of the dimensions.

Question 4

_________ is more prevalent in groups that have _______.&#10;A) High context culture, been together for short periods of time&#10;B) Happiness, cable television&#10;C) Low context culture, been together for long periods of time&#10;D) High context culture, been together for long periods of time

Accepted Answer

According to research, high context culture (where communication is conveyed through implicit messages and nonverbal cues) is more prevalent in groups that have been together for long periods of time. This is because they have developed a shared understanding and familiarity with each other's communication styles.

Question 5

Regarding when gift giving becomes bribery, _________.&#10;A) If the gift is legal in the foreign jurisdiction, the gift is considered ethical&#10;B) If the gift is legal in the home country of the multinational firm, the gift is considered ethical&#10;C) The gift is considered ethical if it will enhance the business relationship&#10;D) If the gift is a violation of the Foreign Corrupt practices act, then it should not be considered ethical

Accepted Answer

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) prohibits the bribery of foreign officials by U.S. companies and imposes penalties for violations. Therefore, if the gift is a violation of the FCPA, it is not considered ethical.

Question 6

Regarding the cultural cluster approach, it may be best summarized by the words _______.&#10;A) Over-generalization is the enemy of science&#10;B) Countries in close proximity have differing cultures&#10;C) Countries in close proximity have similar cultures&#10;D) Countries far away have widely varying cultures

Accepted Answer

The cultural cluster approach suggests that countries in close proximity have similar cultures, as they are influenced by similar historical, social, and geographical factors. This contrasts with the idea that over-generalization is the enemy of science, as the cultural cluster approach allows for more nuanced and contextual understanding of cultural similarities and differences. The approach also acknowledges that countries far away may have some similarities, but these will likely be influenced by different factors.

Question 7

Elements of culture include all except ________.&#10;A) Attitudes and beliefs&#10;B) Religious beliefs&#10;C) Communication and language&#10;D) Organizational structure

Accepted Answer

Organizational structure is not considered an element of culture. Culture refers to shared values, beliefs, behaviors, and customs of a group or society, while organizational structure pertains to the way an organization is designed and operated.

Question 8

Examples of cultural differences in business include all except _______.&#10;A) Islamic finance&#10;B) Sovereign wealth funds&#10;C) Gift giving&#10;D) Language barriers

Accepted Answer

Sovereign wealth funds are not an example of cultural differences in business; they are state-owned investment funds or entities. Islamic finance, gift giving, and language barriers are all examples of cultural differences that can affect business practices.

Question 9

The Protestant work ethic was originally theorized by _______.&#10;A) Max Weber&#10;B) Edward Hall&#10;C) Geert Hofstede&#10;D) Deepak Lal

Accepted Answer

The Protestant work ethic was originally theorized by German sociologist and philosopher Max Weber in his book "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism" published in 1905.

Question 10

Edward Hall originally theorized ______&#10;A) The low-context, high-context approach&#10;B) Cultural cluster approach&#10;C) Iceberg theory of culture&#10;D) Both A and C are correct

Accepted Answer

Edward Hall originally theorized both the low-context, high-context approach and the Iceberg theory of culture.

Question 11

The iceberg theory of culture is easier to see in the winter.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The iceberg theory of culture is easier...

Question 12

Some developing countries have a higher resistance to change than western countries.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some developing countries have a higher resistance...

Question 13

A low context marketing approach is better for countries with low literacy rates.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A low context marketing approach is better...

Question 14

China is likely to exhibit more collectivist orientation than would Germany.

Accepted Answer

The answer of China is likely to exhibit more collectivist...

Question 15

The process of modifying behavior in order to be more compatible with the local culture is known as acculturation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process of modifying behavior in order...

Deck 9: Sociocultural Factors