Deck 3: Neuroscience, Multiple Cultural Identities, and Cultural Strengths

Question 1

______ is the brain's ability to change and adapt as a result of life experiences.

A) Mirror neurons
B) Neurotransmitters
C) Neuroplasticity
D) Development

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What is the mind?

A) another term for the brain
B) emerges from the brain and is shaped by interpersonal relationships
C) emerges from the brain and is influenced by parents/caregivers
D) part of the brain that interprets the cultural context

Answer 2

B

Question 3

If an individual has a negative stereotype toward people who are Muslim and sees a member of this religious group in the community, it may set off a series of neurotransmitter firing in the brain that forms the concept "this individual is suspicious and dangerous." What is this an example of?

A) neural network
B) concept representation
C) mirror neurons
D) neuroplasticity

Answer 3

B

Question 4

______ indicates that negative experiences have a greater impact than neutral or positive experiences.

A) Negativity network
B) Negativity bias
C) Negativity outlook
D) Negativity-pessimistic trait theory

Question 5

Why is important for counselors to be aware of the negativity bias?

A) Counselors can unintentionally confirm negative evaluations or ask negative questions, leading to more negativity.
B) Counselors can provide more negativity to clients who are overly optimistic.
C) Counselors own negativity may interfere with therapy.
D) Counselors need to identify and address negative, neutral, and positive thoughts and feelings with clients explicitly.

Question 6

Which of the following is activated for a therapist when they are engaged in deep listening and close observation of clients' behaviors?

A) neurons
B) mirror neurons
C) neural networks
D) conceptual representations

Question 7

Advantages of therapists using a strength-based approach with clients include all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A) it allows the client to regain self-control and confidence
B) it allows the client to become more peaceful with the self and others
C) it allows the client's body to relax
D) it allows the therapist's body to relax

Question 8

According to research, there is evidence of three cultural dimensions that moderate neural bases of social and emotional behavior. Which of the following is NOT one of the dimensions listed in your textbook?

A) social communication and behaviors
B) racial identification
C) power distance or preference for social hierarchy
D) individualism-collectivism

Question 9

The brain changes due to influences from the environment.

Question 10

Research has shown that individuals from different cultures have similar brain structures and process information in the same way.

Question 11

People are genetically predisposed to have a positive instead of negative view of the world.

Question 12

The more therapists can mirror the neural activity in their clients' brain, the more effective they will be in understanding their clients.

Question 13

People have only one dominant cultural identity.

Question 14

Describe how cultural identity is formed.

Question 15

Provide at least two examples of how the therapeutic relationship produces neurological changes in a client's brain.

Question 16

The DSM-5 calls for a counselor to systematically assess for five categories related to a person's cultural background when assessing and diagnosing. What are the five categories?