Deck 21: Current and Future Issues in Counseling and Educational Research

Question 1

There has been considerable debate over why the ______ model has not worked for professionals practicing in the fields of counseling and education.

A) scientist-practitioner
B) practitioner-scientist
C) practitioner
D) scientist

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The researcher who proposed steps to bridging science and practice based on a problem-solving approach is ______.

A) Love
B) Kanfer
C) Luebbe
D) none of these

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Heppner (1992) argues there can be a much different configuration than a simple 50/50 split of time between practice and research; he suggested ______.

A) 20% on practice and 80% on research
B) 80% on practice and 20% on research
C) 25% on practice and 80% on research
D) 25% on research and 80% on practice

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The researcher who proposed a view of differentiating more traditional science views and evidence-based practice views is ______.

A) Love
B) Kanfer
C) Luebbe
D) Gelso

Question 5

______ suggested early learning experiences with research during academic training as an approach to integrating science and practice.

A) Love
B) Kanfer
C) Luebbe
D) Gelso

Question 6

The practice in which clinical trials provide important evidence to facilitate in the decision-making is ______.

A) EBT
B) ESA
C) RBT
D) EST

Question 7

The use of ______ for practitioners focuses the effort on collecting and evaluating scientific information, which fits well with a practitioner-scientist orientation.

A) EBT
B) ESA
C) RBT
D) EST

Question 8

It has been noted that practitioners typically have ______ attitudes toward research.

A) positive
B) neutral
C) negative
D) optimistic

Question 9

One criteria which may be helpful to employ when considering the use of the scientific approach is to ______.

A) note whether progressively difficult situations arise that are resistant to change
B) determine if there are diversity issues
C) determine the lifestyle of the sample population
D) determine what observational methods will be utilized

Question 10

The method which typically involves efforts to study naturally occurring events is ______.

A) quantitative methods
B) qualitative methods
C) inferential methods
D) formative methods

Question 11

Educators and counselors demonstrate some reluctance in accepting field-based research because of ______.

A) suspected threats to needs
B) suspected threats to external validity
C) suspected threats to the population being studied
D) suspected threats to internal validity

Question 12

When one does not use traditional laboratory methods, there is ______.

A) too much control
B) a loss of control
C) a lack of clarity
D) a lack of publishable information

Question 13

De Anda proposed a model for conducting research that involves the use of ______.

A) qualitative methods
B) true experimental methods
C) quasi-experimental methods
D) all of these

Question 14

In conducting research from a cross-cultural and diversity perspective, researchers should ______.

A) only study White males
B) never study diverse populations
C) not be concerned about rejection from the population being studied
D) be aware of oppression issues and personal values

Question 15

Constantine et al. (2007) discussed the importance of counselors to understand the relevance of ______ in research.

A) social justice
B) minority issues
C) oppression
D) all of these

Question 16

Counseling and education practitioners are confronted more and more with pressure to incorporate research into practice.

Question 17

Sociopolitical influences increasingly require demonstration of effectiveness in practice.

Question 18

A variation of the scientist-practitioner model is the practitioner-scientist model.

Question 19

In the scientist-practitioner approach, the emphasis is on practice, but practice that is based on a perspective and foundation of science and evidence-based research.

Question 20

You can use newly developed skills acquired from research published in the professional literature to identify relevant and potentially effective strategies to test.

Question 21

Essentially, EST is a subset of evidence-based practice in which clinical trials provide important evidence to facilitate in decision-making.

Question 22

The issue of making research relevant to practice has been an inconsistent debate over the past several decades.

Question 23

In applied fields like education and counseling, laboratory research results may not be as applicable as field-based research methods.

Question 24

It is important for training programs to help students understand their own personal values.

Question 25

As a practitioner, you cannot take time to search out scientific information for each individual you work with in a counseling or educational setting.

Question 26

List four of the steps Kanfer (1990) proposed to bridging science and practice based on a problem-solving approach.

Question 27

How does Luebbe et al. define EST and EBP?

Question 28

List two of the three helpful suggestions Lowman (2012) offered on how to provide a link between science and practice.

Question 29

List three issues related to conducting research from a cross-cultural and diversity perspective.

Question 30

Give an example of why attempting to find the best methods of research may cause an issue of relating research to practice.

Question 31

Why has it traditionally been difficult for researchers to get published in professional journals when research is not based on scientific methods?

Question 32

What design did De Anda propose for conducting research that involves the use of quasi-experimental methods?

Question 33

What are the two main problems with the issue of relating research to practice?

Question 34

What are the issues surrounding research from a cross-cultural and diversity perspective?

Question 35

Briefly discuss how the issues of values are used in counseling and research.

Question 36

Discuss why there has been debate over why the scientist-practitioner model has not worked for professionals practicing in the fields of counseling and education.

Question 37

Define and discuss the practitioner-scientist model.

Question 38

Discuss Love et al.'s (2007) approach to integrating science and practice.

Question 39

Discuss several criteria that may be helpful to employ when considering the use of the scientific approach.

Question 40

Discuss negative practitioner attitudes toward research and provide support as to why these attitudes may exist.