Deck 7: Basics of Statistical Methods

Question 1

Statistics is commonly defined as the science of conducting studies to organize, summarize, and ______ information.

A) interpret
B) set up
C) infer
D) understand

Answer 1

A

Question 2

There are ______ identified scales identified that are used in quantitative research.

A) five
B) three
C) four
D) two

Answer 2

C

Question 3

______ are defined in terms of symbols, such as letters or words.

A) Numbers
B) Numerals
C) Variables
D) Hypotheses

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Values in which one can perform certain mathematical operations and the distance between units is even are referred to as ______.

A) numbers
B) numerals
C) random population
D) constants

Question 5

The interval between 101 and 102 is the same as that between 104 and 105, this is indicative of which type of value?

A) numbers
B) numerals
C) variables
D) constants

Question 6

The scale which involves description and requires that we assign names or terms is referred to as ______.

A) ordinal scale
B) interval scale
C) ratio scale
D) nominal scale

Question 7

The scale that refers to one in which the researcher has assigned differences based upon ranks to distinct categories is known as ______.

A) ordinal scale
B) interval scale
C) ratio scale
D) nominal scale

Question 8

A measurement of research in quantitative research involving the use of numbers with equal units of measurements is referred to as ______.

A) ordinal scale
B) interval scale
C) ratio scale
D) nominal scale

Question 9

Scales defined in terms of equal numbered units and there is a true zero is referred to as ______.

A) cluster sampling
B) ordinal scale
C) ratio scale
D) nominal scale

Question 10

The statistical methods that are used to describe the frequency distribution of ______.

A) measures of central tendency
B) measures of variability
C) measures of relationship
D) tables and graphs

Question 11

Statistical methods that are used to describe or summarize how scores are dispersed are referred to as ______.

A) measures of central tendency
B) measures of variability
C) measures of relationship
D) tables and graphs

Question 12

Visual methods that are used to describe the frequency distribution of a data set are referred to as ______.

A) measures of central tendency
B) measures of variability
C) measures of relationship
D) tables and graphs

Question 13

______ assumption required to complete inferential statistics states that scores are independent of each other.

A) Normality
B) Independence
C) Homogeneity of variance
D) Linearity

Question 14

______ assumption required to complete inferential statistics states that scores are normally distributed.

A) Normality
B) Independence
C) Homogeneity of variance
D) Linearity

Question 15

______ assumption required to complete inferential statistics states that scores are similar in how they vary from the mean.

A) Normality
B) Independence
C) Homogeneity of variance
D) Linearity

Question 16

To understand and systematically evaluate research, it is first imperative to have an understanding of several basic statistical methods and related terminology.

Question 17

The ratio is the least precise of all the scales and the one in which the least number of concise mathematical operations can be done.

Question 18

Interval scales involve the use of numbers with equal units of measurement and there is a true zero point on the scale.

Question 19

Descriptive statistics are used to describe the sample on which the study was conducted.

Question 20

One thing that is sometimes confusing is that the same variable can be collected at different levels of measurements.

Question 21

The mode is determined by counting the least frequent score in the distribution.

Question 22

Relationships are descriptions of the extent to which two or more variables is generally defined in nonlinear terms.

Question 23

Parametric statistics are not used when the data are essentially based on normal distribution.

Question 24

Inferential statistics are those based on probabilities of the data being representative of the population.

Question 25

Define statistics.

Question 26

Define nominal scale and provide an example.

Question 27

Define ordinal scale and provide an example.

Question 28

Define interval scale and provide an example.

Question 29

Name the four types of measurement scales.

Question 30

______ refers to how scores are distributed.

Question 31

______ refers to a symmetrical bell-shaped curve.

Question 32

______ is the way scores vary around the mean and are stated as standard units.

Question 33

Discuss the four levels of measurements. Definitions and an example of each.

Question 34

Discuss the measures of central tendency.

Question 35

Discuss the four basic assumptions of inferential statistics.

Question 36

Explain the rationale for when nonparametric statistics are used.

Question 37

Explain the characteristics of parametric inferential statistics seen in Table 7.4. Give the characteristic of each and give an example of two of them from a journal article.