Deck 6: Single-Case or Single-Subject Research

Question 1

A common method of data analysis for single-subject research is through ______.

A) formal calculations
B) visual inspection of data and review of charts
C) qualitative analyses
D) descriptive statistics

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Generally before beginning to conduct a single-subject study a researcher should clearly identify the ______.

A) type of design to be used
B) the type of data analysis that is needed
C) identification of the target behavior to change
D) those who should not be included in the study

Answer 2

C

Question 3

______ type of single-subject design involves beginning with a baseline, followed by an intervention, and followed by a return to baseline.

A) ABA
B) AB
C) ABAB
D) ABC

Answer 3

A

Question 4

______ are two purposes in establishing a baseline.

A) Inferring and projection
B) Projection and description
C) Inferring and prediction
D) Prediction and descriptive

Question 5

A primary reason for focusing on a single variable before introducing another when conducting single-subject research is to ______.

A) ensure the quality of the intervention used
B) avoid confusion about the effect of the intervention
C) the subject may benefit from both interventions
D) avoid homeostasis and researcher bias

Question 6

An initial baseline may involve continuous ______ over a period of time.

A) interventions
B) assessment
C) learning
D) none of these

Question 7

Which type of single-subject design includes the intention to identify a pattern of target behaviors?

A) AB
B) ABA
C) ABAB
D) AB and ABA

Question 8

According to Kazdin (2011), baseline data can be used to ______.

A) predict future behavior
B) confirm historical data
C) determine the outcome of an intervention
D) none of these

Question 9

Which single-subject research design uses a sequence of baselines and interventions?

A) ABA
B) AB
C) ABAB
D) both ABA and AB

Question 10

According to Kazdin (2011), one needs to consider times between administrations of multiple baseline designs and multiple interventions is time between administrations. What criteria are important in considering time between administration?

A) length of the intervention
B) stability of the intervention
C) type of intervention
D) the number of interventions

Question 11

Kazdin suggested ______ type of research design is best for applied research.

A) true experimental design
B) descriptive design
C) qualitative designs
D) single-subject designs

Question 12

What are problems in using inferential statistics like t tests with single-subject research data?

A) violation of the assumption of normality
B) violation of the assumption of independent
C) violation of the assumption of homogeneity of variance
D) violation of the assumption of normality and violation of the assumption of independent

Question 13

What inferential statistical test procedure is used most frequently in single-subject design?

A) interrupted time series analysis
B) autocorrelations
C) Spearman rho
D) chi-square

Question 14

A problem with using only one baseline in single-subject research is ______.

A) changes may occur during the baseline
B) there may be questions about the accuracy of the data because of the potential uniqueness of the situation
C) the baseline is likely not recorded long
D) none of these

Question 15

Which is NOT a good target behavior in single-subject research?

A) beliefs that there is a God during adolescence
B) seeing a ghost
C) changes in self esteem
D) all of these

Question 16

Single-subject research is dynamic and one can develop and identify target behaviors during data collection.

Question 17

AB single-subject design is the most basic.

Question 18

Generally, it is best to start a single-subject multiple baseline design with continuous assessment.

Question 19

A multiple baseline design may use a single baseline across multiple settings.

Question 20

The dependent variable in a single-subject design involves comparing the baseline to intervention.

Question 21

The stability of the behavior being measured is not as important as the intervention.

Question 22

Not being able to compare between subjects has been a criticism of a single-subject design.

Question 23

Autocorrelations in single-subject research is a consequence of dissimilarity in scores.

Question 24

The use of an interrupted time series analysis involves an attempt to analyze slope and depth.

Question 25

One of the most common methods for analyzing single-subject data is through visual inspection of charts and graphs.

Question 26

Single-subject research is most appropriate for ______.

Question 27

Literature finds that single-subject research has been conducted with ______.

Question 28

A goal in single-subject research is written as ______.

Question 29

Two purposes of establishing a baseline in single-subject research are ______.

Question 30

The use of multiple baselines in single-subject research provides the researcher with information ______.

Question 31

It has been suggested in the text that using a single baseline in single-subject research may be biased because ______.

Question 32

Wendt and Miller (2012) suggest that one must question whether the baseline provides ______.

Question 33

A key characteristic of autocorrelations is that ______.

Question 34

Prior to beginning a single-subject study, one must ______.

Question 35

Discuss the four proposed standards listed by the WWC for evaluating single-subject research.

Question 36

Discuss the guidelines and procedures in single-subject research.

Question 37

List and discuss the four types of single-case/research designs identified in the text.

Question 38

Describe the study conducted by Maas, Butalla, and Farinella (2012).

Question 39

Discuss the quality of single-subject research put forth by Wendt and Miller (2012).