Deck 3: Quantitative Research Designs

Question 1

Quantitative research has been associated with the philosophical paradigm of ______.

A) positivism
B) dualism
C) existentialism
D) ontology

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Quantitative research by definition is associated with ______ control by the researcher.

A) decreased
B) increased
C) no
D) limited

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Control over the variables being studied ______ the predictions a researcher can make.

A) decreases
B) increases
C) limits
D) eliminates

Answer 3

B

Question 4

One weakness of quantitative research is that it requires the use of ______ sample sizes.

A) larger
B) smaller
C) randomized
D) stratified

Question 5

A(n) ______ variable is an event, condition, or measured attribute or characteristic that the researcher for the most part controls.

A) confounding
B) dependent
C) independent
D) control

Question 6

The ______ variable is defined in terms of changes in the subject as a consequence of the independent variable.

A) confounding
B) dependent
C) independent
D) control

Question 7

______ variables are considered to be either uncontrolled or unknown factors that can potentially affect the results or the response to the dependent variable.

A) Confounding
B) Extraneous
C) Independent
D) Control

Question 8

______ type of design is one in which there is a manipulation that is controlled by the researcher but no random assignment to groups.

A) Quasi-experimental
B) Correlational
C) True experimental
D) Preexperimental

Question 9

______ type of design typically do not allow for detection of differences through comparisons with other groups or with multiple assessments of baseline.

A) Quasi-experimental
B) Correlational
C) True experimental
D) Preexperimental

Question 10

______ type of design involve no random assignment to groups, nor is there any manipulation of an independent variable.

A) Quasi-experimental
B) Correlational
C) True experimental
D) Descriptive

Question 11

The static group comparison is an example of ______.

A) quasi-experimental design
B) descriptive design
C) preexperimental design
D) true experimental design

Question 12

A pretest-posttest is found in what type of experimental design?

A) true experimental design
B) quasi experimental design
C) preexperimental design
D) descriptive design

Question 13

Those characteristics about a person that the researcher cannot manipulate are referred to as ______.

A) dependent variables
B) discrete variables
C) control variables
D) attributes

Question 14

The symbol ______ is used by researchers to represent an assignment that is random.

A) R
B) RX
C) X
D) O

Question 15

The symbol ______ is used by researchers to represent exposure of the group to treatment.

A) R
B) RX
C) X
D) O

Question 16

The symbol ______ is used by researchers to represent measurement of the dependent variable.

A) R
B) RX
C) X
D) O

Question 17

A ______ amount of control used by researchers is seen in a true experimental type of design.

A) high
B) minimal
C) moderate
D) none of these

Question 18

A ______ amount of control used by researchers is seen in a quasi-experimental type of design.

A) high
B) minimal
C) moderate
D) none of these

Question 19

A ______ amount of control used by researchers is seen in a preexperimental type of design.

A) high
B) minimal
C) moderate
D) none of these

Question 20

Descriptive designs are an attempt by the researcher to characterize events or conditions of an identified population.

Question 21

True experimental designs don't always include random assignment to groups and manipulation of the independent variable.

Question 22

The use of correlational research may be particularly relevant in education and counseling given that there is a need to study complex human issues and understand their relationship.

Question 23

Preexperimental research has been noted to include four different approaches: survey, observational, correlational, and causal comparative.

Question 24

A type of quasi-experimental design is the multiple time series design.

Question 25

Manipulation refers to the researcher's having some control over or ability to alter an event or condition of interest for an individual or group.

Question 26

Dependent variables are influenced by and dependent on independent variables.

Question 27

Extraneous variables are considered to be either uncontrolled or unknown factors that can potentially affect the results or the response to the independent variable.

Question 28

A Solomon Four-Group Design is not used often, mainly because it is expensive to conduct.

Question 29

When the researcher is unable to use random assignment to groups, there are fewer threats to the internal validity of the study because there are possible differences between the group members prior to the intervention.

Question 30

How do Tuli (2010) define a positivism approach?

Question 31

How does Creswell (2012) define a variable?

Question 32

What is an independent variable?

Question 33

What is a dependent variable?

Question 34

List and discuss four of the major categories of research designs.

Question 35

What are the two criteria used in distinguishing true experimental designs from other designs?

Question 36

Researchers have developed methods of representing research designs with symbols. What does the symbol "X" indicate?

Question 37

What is a Solomon Four-Group Design?

Question 38

What is a multiple time series design?

Question 39

What two types of research designs have been categorized as preexperimental?

Question 40

Define "attributes" and provide three examples.

Question 41

What is a quasi-experimental design? Define and provide an example of a study which uses this type of design.

Question 42

Explain the three methods of addressing extraneous variables, so they become control variables.

Question 43

List and discuss the four different approaches of descriptive research.

Question 44

What is a true experimental design? Define and provide an example of a study which uses this type of design.