Question 1

What does 'polysystem' mean?&#10;A) A hierarchical order of systems that do not interact&#10;B) A system of intersecting and partially overlapping systems that function as a structured whole&#10;C) A variety of different systems that function in parallel

Accepted Answer

A polysystem refers to a group of intersecting and partially overlapping systems such as different literary or cultural traditions that function together as a structured whole. It is not a hierarchical order of disparate, non-interacting systems or simply a variety of different systems functioning in parallel.

Question 2

What does Even-Zohar say is the 'normal' position of translated literature?&#10;A) Primary&#10;B) Secondary&#10;C) Young

Accepted Answer

Even-Zohar argues that translated literature is typically seen as secondary to literature originally written in the target language.

Question 3

Which of the following is/are an advantage of descriptive translation studies?&#10;A) It is systematic and allows different studies to be compared&#10;B) It provides a replicable framework for research&#10;C) It helps to evaluate the quality of a TT

Accepted Answer

Descriptive translation studies are systematic and provide a replicable framework, allowing for comparison across different studies. However, they do not focus on evaluating the quality of a target text (TT).

Question 4

Which is the best definition of norms in Toury's model?&#10;A) Legislation which requires a certain form of action&#10;B) Linguistic conventions specific to a culture, society and time&#10;C) Sociocultural constraints that are acquired through education and socialization

Accepted Answer

Norms in Toury's model refer to sociocultural constraints that individuals learn through education and socialization, influencing their behavior and decisions within a specific cultural or social context.

Question 5

What is an 'adequate translation' in Toury's model?&#10;A) A TT that conforms to TL norms&#10;B) A TT that conforms more to SL norms&#10;C) A TT that has few errors

Accepted Answer

In Toury's model, an 'adequate translation' is one that adheres more closely to the source language (SL) norms rather than the target language (TL) norms.

Question 6

What are Toury's two laws of translation?&#10;A) The law of growing standardization and the law of interference&#10;B) The law of explicitation and the law of interference&#10;C) The law of growing standardization and the law of explicitation

Accepted Answer

Toury's two laws of translation are the law of growing standardization and the law of interference, which describe tendencies in how texts are translated from one language to another.

Question 7

Which of the following is correct?&#10;A) S-universals are features of all translations&#10;B) S-universals are typical shifts between STs and TTs&#10;C) S-universals are typical features of TTs compared to non-translated writing

Accepted Answer

S-universals are typical shifts between STs (Source Texts) and TTs (Target Texts) that tend to occur in translations. They are not necessarily present in all translations, nor are they unique to translated writing compared to non-translated writing.

Question 8

Of the norms proposed by Chesterman, which has the most ethical slant?&#10;A) Expectancy norm&#10;B) Communication norm&#10;C) Accountability norm

Accepted Answer

The Accountability norm is the most ethical of the three as it emphasizes the responsibility of the translator to provide accurate and faithful translations, as well as to acknowledge any errors made. This aligns with ethical considerations such as honesty, integrity, and accuracy in communication.

Deck 7: Systems Theories