Question 1

A synonym for 'proposition' is&#10;A) condition&#10;B) universal statement&#10;C) stylized fact

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

What is the role of 'conditions' in theoretical explanations?&#10;A) conditions relate the propositions to the phenomena to be explained&#10;B) conditions state whether hypotheses are true or not&#10;C) conditions are the hypotheses that explain the phenomena

Accepted Answer

Conditions are factors or variables that must be present or satisfied in order for the theoretical explanation or hypothesis to account for the observed phenomenon. They help bridge the gap between the theoretical propositions and the observable phenomena by providing the necessary contextual factors or circumstances that are relevant to the explanation. Conditions are not hypotheses themselves, but they help specify the criteria that must be met for the hypotheses to be valid.

Question 3

Consider the following two statements: (A) 'The higher one's education, the higher one's income' and (B) 'In the year 1980 men were on average higher educated than women in France'. Which statement is a proposition?

A) Statement (A)
B) Statement (B)
C) Statement (A) and (B)

A

Accepted Answer

Statement (A) is a proposition as it states a relationship between two variables that can be either true or false. Statement (B) is a fact or statement of information, but it is not a proposition as it does not make a claim that can be true or false.

Question 4

A theory does not ...&#10;A) explain phenonema&#10;B) predict new phenonema&#10;C) evaluate phenonema

Accepted Answer

A theory is designed to explain and predict phenomena, but evaluating phenomena is more about the application of a theory or the use of empirical data to assess or judge phenomena, rather than the role of the theory itself.

Question 5

A tautology is a statement which is:&#10;A) logically true&#10;B) logically false&#10;C) highly informative

Accepted Answer

A tautology is a statement that is logically true and can be true under any circumstances. For example, "A bachelor is an unmarried man" or "The sun will rise tomorrow." These statements are always true no matter what the circumstances are.

Question 6

A theory's 'information content' is made up of:&#10;A) empirical success and truth&#10;B) conditions and hypotheses&#10;C) theoretical precision and scope

Accepted Answer

The information content of a theory is determined by its theoretical precision and scope, meaning how well-defined and comprehensive its concepts are. Empirical success and truth are important factors in evaluating a theory, but they do not solely determine its information content. Conditions and hypotheses are aspects of a theory, but they do not evaluate its information content directly.

Question 7

A typology is the same as:&#10;A) a theoretical tool&#10;B) a way of classifying reality&#10;C) a stylized fact

Accepted Answer

A typology is a system for classifying reality into distinct types or categories, making it a way of organizing and understanding different aspects of the world or concepts.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes these propositions: P1: "Students who study less than 10 hours will fail the test" P2: "Students who study less than 10 hours will fail the test and the presentation"

A) P1 has higher theoretical precision and broader scope than P2.
B) P1 has same theoretical scope as P2, but P1 has higher theoretical precision than P2
C) P1 has same theoretical precision as P2, but P1 has larger theoretical scope than P2

Accepted Answer

P1 is broader in scope because it applies to a wider range of situations (only mentioning the test, not the presentation), while P2 is more specific (including both the test and presentation). However, both propositions have the same level of precision in terms of the condition they describe (studying less than 10 hours).

Question 9

A deeper explanation is the same as&#10;A) Type of explanation which has a high degree of empirical success&#10;B) Type of explanation that specificies the ultimate causes of social phenomena&#10;C) Type of explanation in which one proposition is explained by another, more general, proposition

Accepted Answer

A deeper explanation involves explaining a proposition by referring to a more general proposition, providing a broader context or understanding.

Question 10

Read carefully through the following three statements: "(1) Today, it rains in the Netherlands. (2) Today, people who are outside in the Netherlands become wet. (3) When it rains in a country, all people in that country get wet. " Which of the three statements is the "proposition"?

A) statement (1)
B) statement (2)
C) statement (3)

Accepted Answer

A proposition is a statement that expresses a judgment or opinion which can be either true or false. Statement (3) is a general statement or rule that applies universally, making it a proposition.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a moderation effect?&#10;A) Education has a strong, positive effect on happiness&#10;B) The positive effect of education on happiness is stronger among men than among women&#10;C) Education has a positive effect on happiness, because of higher income

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an example...

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a 'tautology'?&#10;A) It is possible that tomorrow the crime rate differs between the US and Canada&#10;B) The crime rate in Germany will increase in the next 10 years&#10;C) There is a positive association between alcohol use and delinquent activities

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an example...

Question 13

Which of the following ingredients is not true for a relationship to be classified as causal:&#10;A) the cause should precede the effect&#10;B) the independent and dependent variable must be associated with each other&#10;C) the relationship between the independent and dependent variable should be fully mediated

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following ingredients is not...

Question 14

What is the advantage of using a theory schema instead of a conceptual model?&#10;A) a theory schema clearly identifies the propositions, conditions and hypotheses&#10;B) a theory schema consists of abstract symbols, which makes it possible to be more precise about the strength of the expected relationships&#10;C) a theory schema can handle more complicated relationships, such as indirect effects and bidirectional effects

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the advantage of using a...

Deck 2: Theories