Question 1

Which of the following concepts is not the same as an injunctive norm?&#10;A) a descriptive norm&#10;B) a prescriptive norm&#10;C) an oughtness norm

Accepted Answer

Injunctive norms refer to what others believe we should do, whereas descriptive norms refer to what others actually do. Prescriptive norms are similar to injunctive norms in that they prescribe certain behaviors as appropriate or desirable, while oughtness norms are norms that dictate what one ought to do but may not necessarily reflect social expectations or opinions.

Question 2

What do social norms, moral norms and legal norms have in common?&#10;A) All of these types of norms are descriptive norms&#10;B) All of these types of norms operate in groups&#10;C) All of these types of norms are injunctive norms

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

Fill in (A) and (B): According to social control theory, people adhere to (A), because deviations from (A) can be answered by (B).&#10;A) (A) is 'norms' and (B) is 'monitoring'&#10;B) (A) is 'social norms' and (B) is 'social sanctions'&#10;C) (A) is 'social norms' and (B) is 'formal sanctions'

Accepted Answer

According to social control theory, people adhere to social norms, because deviations from social norms can be answered by social sanctions. Monitoring may be a way to ensure adherence to norms, but it is not the specific answer provided by social control theory. Formal sanctions may be a type of social sanction, but not all social sanctions are formal. Therefore, B is the best answer choice.

Question 4

What is not true about social sanctions?&#10;A) social sanctions are external sanctions imposed by third parties&#10;B) social sanctions can be extremely intrusive&#10;C) social sanctions are always effective

Accepted Answer

Social sanctions are not always effective as they can be ignored, challenged, or resisted by the individual or group being sanctioned.

Question 5

What is not a core parameter of social control theory?&#10;A) laws&#10;B) expected monitoring&#10;C) expected sanctions

Accepted Answer

While laws serve as a form of social control, they are not a core parameter of social control theory. The core parameters of social control theory are expected monitoring and expected sanctions.

Question 6

Fill in (A) and (B) in the social control proposition: The higher people's expected (A) in a group in case of norm-deviance, and the higher their expected social approval in case of norm-compliance, the more likely they conform to the (B) of that group.

A) (A) is 'monitoring' and (B) is 'social norms'
B) (A) is 'social sanctions' and (B) is 'social norms'
C) (A) is 'formal sanctions' and (B) is 'legal norms'

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is (B) because it accurately reflects the social control proposition, which posits that the anticipation of social sanctions for deviance and the expectation of social approval for compliance influence conformity to the social norms of a group.

Question 7

What is a synonym for &#34;internalized norms&#34;?&#10;A) internal sanctions&#10;B) moral norms&#10;C) values

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a synonym for &#34;internalized norms&#34;?&#10;A)...

Question 8

What is another word for &#34;laws&#34;?&#10;A) legal norms&#10;B) social norms&#10;C) norms

Accepted Answer

"Laws" typically refer to legal norms or rules that are enforced by the government or judicial system. Social norms and norms can refer to a wider range of behaviors and expectations within a society, but may not necessarily have legal consequences.

Question 9

In which of the following situations is it most likely that people do not obey to legal norms?&#10;A) When the legal authorities strongly monitors its citizens and sanctions are high&#10;B) When people's expected formal sanctions are low&#10;C) When the social norms are in line with the legal norms

Accepted Answer

People are more likely to obey legal norms when the expected sanctions (formal or informal) are high. Therefore, in situations where the expected formal sanctions are low, people may not feel as compelled to obey the law.

Question 10

A certain condition in which rational self-interest behaviour results in a collective problem, because individuals are tempted to free-ride has different names. What is not a term to describe the aformentioned condition?

A) a cooperation problem
B) a coordination problem
C) a social dilemma

Accepted Answer

A coordination problem involves organizing actions among a group to achieve a common goal, which is different from a situation where individuals acting in their own self-interest create a collective issue due to the temptation to free-ride, which is more accurately described as a cooperation problem or a social dilemma.

Question 11

What is the main difference between injunctive norms and descriptive norms?&#10;A) violating injunctive norms leads to sanctions, while violating descriptive norms does not necessarily so&#10;B) injunctive norms specify what people are expected to do in certain circumstances, while descriptive norms do not&#10;C) Injunctive norms can solve collective problems, while descriptive norms can not

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the main difference between injunctive...

Question 12

Descriptive norms are called 'decrees' when:&#10;A) descriptive norms emerge 'endogenously'&#10;B) descriptive norms emerge 'exogenously'&#10;C) descriptive norms emerge through bottom-up processes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Descriptive norms are called 'decrees' when:&#10;A) descriptive...

Question 13

Cultural maladaption refers to:&#10;A) the emergence of diverse norms and opinions in a population&#10;B) the absence of norms&#10;C) the existence of norms and opinions which do not fit their social environment well

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cultural maladaption refers to:&#10;A) the emergence of...

Question 14

What is not an explanation for cultural maladaption?&#10;A) cultural inertia&#10;B) pluralistic ignorance&#10;C) coordination problems

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is not an explanation for cultural...

Question 15

The existence of a time-lag between changing social conditions and adapting new norms and opinions that are better suited to the new conditions refers to the concept of:&#10;A) pluralistic ignorance&#10;B) cultural inertia&#10;C) cultural maladaption

Accepted Answer

The answer of The existence of a time-lag between changing...

Question 16

The bystander effect refers to the phenomenon that:&#10;A) people conform to the opinions of their social environment&#10;B) people are less likely to help people in a critical situation when passive observers are present&#10;C) people adjust their behavior to what is expected from high status figures

Accepted Answer

The answer of The bystander effect refers to the phenomenon...

Question 17

The idea that people dare not to express their preferences as they believe they deviate from the majority opinion is called:&#10;A) dominant strategy&#10;B) spiral of silence&#10;C) bystander effect

Accepted Answer

The answer of The idea that people dare not to...

Deck 6: Norms