Question 1

Fill in the blanks: A civil society is a society consisting of (A) of (B).&#10;A) (A) is 'large network' and (B) is 'inter-group interactions'&#10;B) (A) is 'a safety net' and (B) is 'non-profit organizations'&#10;C) (A) is 'a cohesive web' and (B) is 'voluntary associations'

Accepted Answer

A civil society is defined as a society made up of voluntary associations which form a cohesive web of social relations. These associations are not driven by profit and are governed by a sense of shared values and interests. Therefore, the choice C, where (A) is 'a cohesive web' and (B) is 'voluntary associations', is the most appropriate. Choice A, where (A) is 'large network' and (B) is 'inter-group interactions', is too general and does not focus on the voluntary aspect of civil society. Choice B, where (A) is 'a safety net' and (B) is 'non-profit organizations', is also too narrow as civil society encompasses more than just non-profit organizations.

Question 2

Group affiliations can be assigned in three different ways. What is one of these ways?&#10;A) association&#10;B) identification&#10;C) cooperation

Accepted Answer

Identification is one of the ways group affiliations can be assigned, where individuals align themselves with a group based on shared characteristics or values.

Question 3

Group affiliation can be conceptualized as having three subdimensions. Which subdimension does the concept of 'group membership' fit best?&#10;A) objective affiliation&#10;B) participation&#10;C) subjective identification

Accepted Answer

Group membership is an objective affiliation since it is based on being officially recognized as a member of a particular group, such as a club, organization, or team. The other two subdimensions relate more to subjective perceptions and experiences of group affiliation. Participation refers to the degree to which individuals actively engage in group activities, while subjective identification refers to how much individuals feel a sense of attachment and belonging to the group.

Question 4

When two people from the same group marry, this is called:&#10;A) exogamy&#10;B) endogamy&#10;C) intermarriage

Accepted Answer

When two people from the same group marry, it is called endogamy. This is in contrast to exogamy, where individuals marry outside their social group, and intermarriage, which refers to the marriage between people of different races or ethnicities.

Question 5

What is true about 'group segregation'?&#10;A) it is a common pattern, a universal stylized fact&#10;B) it is an indicator of strong intergroup cohesion&#10;C) it has been found for marriage only

Accepted Answer

Group segregation is a common pattern observed in various social groups, not limited to a specific culture or society.

Question 6

Imagine a network constisting of 32 people. There are 20 bonding ties, and 5 bridging ties. What is the group segregation index of this network?&#10;A) 0.20&#10;B) 0.50&#10;C) 0.80

Accepted Answer

The group segregation index measures the extent to which individuals in a network cluster together. It is calculated as the proportion of total possible ties among individuals in the network that are within groups divided by the proportion of total possible ties among individuals in the network that are within groups and between groups. 
In this network, there are 32 individuals and so there are (32*31)/2 = 496 total possible ties. Of these, 20 are bonding ties, which means they are within groups, and 5 are bridging ties, which means they are between groups. The proportion of total possible ties that are within groups is (20/496), and the proportion that are within groups and between groups is ((20+5)/496). 
The group segregation index is therefore (20/496) divided by ((20+5)/496), which simplifies to 0.80. This means that most of the ties in the network are within groups, indicating a high level of clustering.

Question 7

Which of the following determines the opportunity to meeting in- and out-group members?&#10;A) group size&#10;B) transitivity&#10;C) third party effects

Accepted Answer

Group size influences the opportunity to meet both in- and out-group members because larger groups provide more potential interactions, while smaller groups limit the number of possible connections.

Question 8

Imagine the following situation: Amir and Emma are friends. Amir and Emma dislike Dany. What would you say is true about the network structure?&#10;A) it is a 'balanced' network&#10;B) it is an 'unbalanced' network&#10;C) it is a small world network

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes a 'balanced' network according to Heider's balance theory, where two friends share a common dislike, creating a stable and balanced social structure.

Question 9

Studies which reveal that arbitrary created groups which have no interaction between members already reveal in-group favoritism are called:&#10;A) conformity experiments&#10;B) group threat theory&#10;C) minimal group paradigm

Accepted Answer

The minimal group paradigm refers to experiments in which researchers create groups based on arbitrary criteria (e.g. flipping a coin to assign individuals to groups) and find that even with no prior interaction between group members, they still exhibit in-group favoritism.

Question 10

What was a key findings of the Robbers Cave Experiment?&#10;A) even in the absence of face-to-face interactions, children have more positive in-group sentiments&#10;B) when superordinate goals were introduced, intergroup conflicts diminished&#10;C) even after introducing competitive conditions, friendly relations between the two groups persisted

Accepted Answer

The key finding of the Robbers Cave Experiment was that when superordinate goals were introduced, intergroup conflicts diminished.

Question 11

Imagine the following network consisting of 200 Muslims and 100 Christians. Within the Muslim population, there are 150 endogamous marriages. For Christians, this is 50. All other marriages are exogenous. Calculate the observed group segregation index.

A) 0.33
B) 0.67
C) 0.75

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine the following network consisting of 200...

Question 12

Imagine being asked to calculate the ethnic group segregation index for all members of a social media website. Mysteriously, all data for women are missing. Would you say this affects the reliability, the internal validity or the external validity?

A) reliability
B) internal validity
C) external validity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine being asked to calculate the ethnic...

Deck 8: Groups