Question 1

__________ is behavior that violates socially accepted standards of proper conduct or norms.&#10;A) Crime&#10;B) Delinquency&#10;C) Deviance&#10;D) Violence

Accepted Answer

Deviance is behavior that violates socially accepted standards of proper conduct or norms. Crime refers specifically to behavior that is illegal, while delinquency refers to behavior that is typically associated with youth and involves minor criminal offenses. Violence refers specifically to behavior that involves the use of physical force with the intention of causing harm. Therefore, the best choice is deviance.

Question 2

Strict liability, which presumes mens rea, punishes offenders regardless of:&#10;A) The actions committed by coconspirators&#10;B) The knowledge of the law and the extent to which the violator understood that he or she was breaking a law&#10;C) The seriousness of the crime committed&#10;D) The intent of the offender

Accepted Answer

Strict liability offenses do not require proof of intent (mens rea) to be punished; the mere act of committing the offense is sufficient for liability.

Question 3

What was the goal of &#34;Operation Cease Fire&#34; in Chicago?&#10;A) To identify specific individuals as repeat offenders.&#10;B) To reduce violence by targeting individuals who have a high chance of being shot or being a shooter in the immediate future.&#10;C) To bring a brigade of police officers, street crews, and inspection workers to the area to make arrests and board up drug houses.&#10;D) To identify those offenders who are most likely to commit future crimes.

Accepted Answer

Operation Cease Fire aimed to reduce violence in Chicago by using predictive analytics to identify individuals who have a high probability of being involved in a shooting as a victim or perpetrator in the immediate future. These individuals were then offered support services and intervention to prevent the violence from occurring.

Question 4

By definition, &#34;hot spot&#34; policing is _____________.&#10;A) Police departments responding to &#34;crime waves&#34; by increasing police presence in a given area.&#10;B) Imprisoning offenders convicted of specific felonies for the third time for life.&#10;C) Concentrating resources on offenders who are selected due to their perceived increased risk of future criminality.&#10;D) Advocating for resources to be spent proportional to the crime committed.

Accepted Answer

Hot spot policing is a strategy where police departments increase their presence in specific areas with high levels of crime or areas that are at risk of experiencing a crime wave. This approach aims to prevent crime by targeting areas with the highest risk and deploying police resources to those locations.

Question 5

Generally, these individuals are most likely to attract the attention of the justice system and to receive full-scale justice processing.&#10;A) Misdemeanants and first offenders&#10;B) Felonies and repeat offenders&#10;C) Strict liability offenders&#10;D) Mala prohibita offenders

Accepted Answer

Felonies and repeat offenders are typically seen as more serious crimes and therefore receive more attention from the justice system. They may also have a longer history of criminal behavior, making them more likely to be caught and processed through the system. Misdemeanants and first offenders may not receive the same level of attention or processing, particularly if they are not seen as posing a significant threat to public safety. Strict liability offenders and mala prohibita offenders may also be processed by the justice system, but these types of offenses may be seen as less serious and may not result in full-scale processing.

Question 6

Without _________, there would be no conduct designated as &#34;crime&#34;.&#10;A) Legislative action&#10;B) Law enforcement efforts&#10;C) Police discretion&#10;D) Consistency among citizens about what behaviors are considered &#34;criminal&#34;

Accepted Answer

Crime is defined and determined by legislative action, which creates laws and regulations that designate certain behaviors as criminal. Without legislative action, there would be no official designation of what conduct is considered criminal. Law enforcement efforts, police discretion, and consistency among citizens may play a role in enforcing and interpreting criminal law, but they do not create the initial designation of what behavior is considered criminal.

Question 7

This theory contends that motivated offenders, suitable targets, and lack of capable guardianship are necessary components for crime to occur.&#10;A) Rational choice theory&#10;B) Lifecourse criminality&#10;C) Clinard's typology of criminals&#10;D) Routine activities theory

Accepted Answer

Routine activities theory proposes that for a crime to occur, three elements must be present: motivated offenders, suitable targets, and a lack of capable guardianship. Offenders must have the motivation to commit the crime, targets must be accessible and attractive, and there must be a lack of guardians to deter or prevent the crime from occurring.

Question 8

Under problem oriented policing, the SARA model contains which element(s)?&#10;A) Identify recurring problems&#10;B) Prioritize the problems&#10;C) Develop goals&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The SARA model under problem oriented policing contains all three elements which include identifying recurring problems, prioritizing the problems, and developing goals.

Question 9

According to criminal law, the definition of crimes contain two components: the actus reus and mens rea, which signify ________ and _______ respectively.&#10;A) Physical harm and intent&#10;B) Dangerousness and intent&#10;C) Action and intent&#10;D) Violence and psychological trauma

Accepted Answer

Actus reus refers to the action or conduct of the accused that constitutes the crime, while mens rea refers to the intent or state of mind of the accused at the time of committing the actus reus. Therefore, option C correctly defines the two components of a crime under criminal law.

Question 10

When discussing the levels of crimes, what is the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor?&#10;A) A felony refers to violent crimes and misdemeanors only refer to property crimes&#10;B) A felony is reserved for individuals who reoffend and misdemeanors are only granted on first offenses&#10;C) A felony is punishable by a term of more than one year in state prison and a misdemeanor is punishable by a term of no more than one year in a local jail.&#10;D) A felony is only punishable by a term of no more than one year in prison and a misdemeanor is punishable by a term of no more than one year in jail.

Accepted Answer

A felony is a more serious crime and is punishable by a term of more than one year in state prison. Misdemeanors, on the other hand, are less serious crimes and are usually punishable by a term of no more than one year in a local jail. The distinction between the two is based on the severity of the offense and the potential punishment. It is not based on whether it is a violent crime or a property crime, nor is it based on the individual's criminal history.

Question 11

Mandatory sentencing really means mandatory incarceration.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mandatory sentencing really means mandatory incarceration....

Question 12

Intensive supervision programs are used by officials to classify probationers and parolees under community supervision by risk and need.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Intensive supervision programs are used by officials...

Question 13

The past decade has seen an increase in prison growth, which some refer to as &#34;mass incarceration&#34;.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The past decade has seen an increase...

Question 14

Deviance is behavior that violates socially accepted standards of proper conduct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Deviance is behavior that violates socially accepted...

Question 15

The use of problem oriented policing has proven ineffective and unorganized at best.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The use of problem oriented policing has...

Question 16

Strict liability often applies to white-collar crimes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Strict liability often applies to white-collar crimes....

Question 17

Participation refers to how active the criminal is during their criminal career.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Participation refers to how active the criminal...

Question 18

Coyne and Eck (2015) suggest that situational choice may be a more accurate term to describe the decision-making process of criminals and to bridge the gap between biosocial explanations for crime such as the life-course theory and situational approaches.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Coyne and Eck (2015) suggest that situational...

Question 19

Crime seriousness is the least significant predictor of decisions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Crime seriousness is the least significant predictor...

Question 20

By using risk assessment tools, correctional officers hope to identify those most at risk of re-offending and provide treatment which targets their specific needs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of By using risk assessment tools, correctional officers...

Question 21

Situational crime prevention suggests that changing the physical environment by better lighting, altering traffic patterns, installing locks and bars, and the like may reduce the chances of crime.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Situational crime prevention suggests that changing the...

Question 22

A misdemeanor is the least serious offense.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A misdemeanor is the least serious offense....

Deck 3: Crime and Crime Control