Deck 12: Probation, Parole, and Community Corrections

Question 1

_______ is a sanction generally imposed in lieu of incarceration and thus, it occurs before imprisonment.

A) Probation
B) Parole
C) A furlough program
D) A community service program

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The test for the benefit of clergy came to be one of __________.

A) Religious affiliation
B) Physical strength
C) Literacy
D) Prestige within the community

Answer 2

C

Question 3

This Boston boot maker was accredited with being the "father of probation."

A) Jeremy Bentham
B) Walter Crofton
C) Alexander Maconochie
D) John Augustus

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What were the three groups identified with the mark system that was implemented by Maconochie?

A) Penal stage, work stage, individual stage
B) Penal stage, social stage, individual stage
C) Work stage, social stage, release stage
D) Penal stage, work stage, social stage

Question 5

Which of the following acts as a post-confinement monitoring system for federal offenders?

A) Supervised release
B) Furlough
C) Discretionary release
D) Probation

Question 6

________ was the practice of a person of good standing in the community taking the responsibility for guaranteeing the lawful behavior of another person.

A) Absconding
B) Mandatory release
C) Suretyship
D) Furlough

Question 7

____________ allow inmates to secure or maintain employment while serving terms of incarceration.

A) Discretionary release
B) Mandatory release
C) Diversion programs
D) Work release programs

Question 8

____________ are imposed on individual offenders that relate directly to the offender's status and characteristics.

A) Community service orders
B) Judicial reprieves
C) Standard conditions
D) Special conditions

Question 9

The majority of criminal offenders receive sentences to ___________.

A) Diversion programs
B) Probation
C) Parole
D) Incarceration

Question 10

_________ devised a "ticket of leave" for inmates in the Irish prison system.

A) Walter Crofton
B) Jeremy Bentham
C) Alexander Maconochie
D) John Augustus

Question 11

ROR was a practice that was a forerunner to bail.

Question 12

At any given time, there are roughly two times as many people under probation and parole supervision as there are people incarcerated in the United States.

Question 13

Judicial reprieve most directly led to the development of contemporary probation.

Question 14

Probation officers are responsible for carrying out the wishes of the sentencing judge.

Question 15

Probation is usually a state function.

Question 16

The benefit of clergy developed during the medieval period.

Question 17

"On paper" refers to the written probation or parole agreements that set out the conditions of release.

Question 18

Probation and parole are rights.

Question 19

The surveillance style of parole officers places an emphasis on controlling criminal conduct.

Question 20

The parole population contains more females than males.

Question 21

House arrest can either be used pre-trial to ensure that an offender does not abscond or as a criminal punishment in itself.

Question 22

Halfway houses are so-named because they represent an intermediate step that is halfway between incarceration and community supervision.

Question 23

Offenders who fail to submit to supervision are called absconders.