Deck 10: Motor Control and Motor Learning

Question 1

Which of the following is the study of how the nervous system controls movement?

A) Motor control
B) Motor learning
C) Motor psychology
D) Neurophysiology

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Claudius Galen proposed that muscles contract due to the flow of ______ ("animal spirits") down the nerves.

A) electricity
B) blood cells
C) fluid
D) lymph

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Who was the first person to demonstrate the existence of "animal electricity"?

A) Rene Descartes
B) Hippocrates
C) Franz Josef Gall
D) Luigi Galvani

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What are nerves?

A) Water channels
B) Electrical conductors
C) Blood vessels
D) Filled with "animal spirits"

Question 5

Who was the first person to find evidence for cerebral localization?

A) Erisistratus
B) Giovanni Aldini
C) Franz Josef Gall
D) Marie-Jean-Pierre Flourens

Question 6

When did Richard A. Schmidt establish the Journal of Motor Behavior?

A) 1889
B) 1922
C) 1945
D) 1969

Question 7

Jack Adams is known for developing which of the following?

A) Open-loop theory of motor learning
B) Closed-loop theory of motor learning
C) Schema theory of discrete motor skill learning
D) Dynamic pattern theory

Question 8

What can an individual do during a task?

A) Receive and code sensory information
B) Store information and commit it to memory
C) Respond to a stimulus
D) All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is the area of the brain responsible for the regulation of coordination and the control of fine movements?

A) Basal ganglia
B) Thalamus
C) Cortex
D) Cerebellum

Question 10

The somatosensory cortex is involved in which of the following?

A) Movement initiation
B) Coordination and fine control of movements
C) Planning movement
D) Processing sensory information

Question 11

The "upper" level of the neuromuscular system includes which of the following?

A) Muscles and tendons
B) Spinal cord
C) Cortex and basal ganglia
D) Peripheral nerves

Question 12

Sensory information from a muscle is carried to the spinal cord on _____.

A) Ia afferent fibers from the muscle spindle
B) alpha motor neurons
C) intrafusal muscle fibers
D) the pyramidal tract

Question 13

What is the name of a source of feedback that indicates errors in the learner's movement pattern?

A) Error feedback
B) Knowledge of mistakes
C) Knowledge of performance
D) Knowledge of results

Question 14

What type of practice did Schmidt recommend for strengthening the recall and recognition schemas?

A) Random practice
B) Variable practice
C) Constant practice
D) Blocked practice

Question 15

Researchers are presently trying to find out how we use information from the environment to plan and adjust our movements. What is this called?

A) The serial order problem
B) The degrees of freedom problem
C) The perceptual-motor integration problem
D) The coordination pattern problem

Question 16

The area of study that is concerned with how we acquire and retain motor skills is called motor control.

Question 17

Animal spirits flowing through nerves to muscle is the cause of muscle contraction.

Question 18

Franz Josef Gall studied the relationship between the extent of cranial development and the extent of development of different abilities.

Question 19

Specific cortical regions control specific body functions.

Question 20

Money available for research in motor learning was greatly reduced during and immediately following World War II.

Question 21

The Journal of Motor Behavior was founded by Thorndike in 1901.

Question 22

In closed-loop control, a movement is controlled by higher centers without the influence of sensory feedback from the lower centers.

Question 23

First-order neurons originate in the spinal cord.

Question 24

The spinal cord's sole function is to relay information from the brain to the muscles.

Question 25

In open-loop control the brain plans and initiates voluntary movement without the need for sensory feedback.

Question 26

Knowledge of results is when a performer is given feedback about his or her success in attaining the goal.