Deck 8: Specialized Searches Without a Warrant: Vehicles, Dogs, and Technology

Question 1

An exception to the warrant requirement was first decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1925 in which case?

A) Chambers v. Maroney
B) Texas v. White
C) Carroll v. United States
D) United States v. Ross

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In United States v. Ross, the Court clarified the rule relating to searches of:

A) luggage at an airport
B) public transportation
C) duffel bags of bus passengers
D) containers found in an automobile

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In an Oregon decision, the court warned that the automobile exception to the search warrant requirement of the state constitution applies if the automobile:

A) contains more than just the driver
B) is operable and constructively occupied
C) is operable and contains frits of a crime
D) contains fruits of a crime

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In California v. Carney the U.S. Supreme Court concluded that privacy expectations are reduced in automobiles, not only because some parts of the vehicle are open to plain view, but also because:

A) motor vehicles are heavily regulated
B) motor vehicles are movable
C) motor vehicles are operable
D) motor vehicles are personal property

Question 5

What is the general rule for searching and seizing things in a person's body without a warrant as established by the Court in Schmerber v. California?

A) the person must be in custody and the seizure must be overly intrusive
B) the item being searched for must be illegal
C) there must be exigency and the seizure must not be overly intrusive
D) none of the above

Question 6

In which case did the Court emphasize that an inventory search serves a governmental interest in protecting the owner's property while it is in police custody; ensuring against claims of lost, stolen, or vandalized property; and guarding the police from danger?

A) Colorado v. Bertine
B) Florida v. Wells
C) South Dakota v. Opperman
D) Wells v. State

Question 7

In the case of U.S. v. Place, the U.S. Supreme Court sanctioned the use of which law enforcement tool as within the provisions of the Fourth Amendment?

A) thermal imaging
B) dog sniffs
C) inventory searches
D) electronic devices

Question 8

An officer is required by statute or policy to seize a car. That car has been ____________.

A) towed
B) arrested
C) legally transported
D) impounded

Question 9

The Court has held that there is no violation of the Fourth Amendment when officers wear a small microphone and antenna concealed in an overcoat to allow a second officer stationed outside with a radio receiver to over hear the conversation, so long as:

A) both parties know police are listening in on the conversation
B) the party that is the subject of the search has granted police consent to listen in on the conversation
C) one party consents to police listening to the conversation
D) police obtain written consent of the party not wearing the device

Question 10

Which of the following is a requirement that must be met for electronic eavesdropping required by the Court in Berger v. New York?

A) the suspects whose conversation are being overheard must be named in the judicial order
B) there must be a showing of probable cause to believe a specific crime has been or is being committed
C) the wiretapping must terminate when the desired information has been obtained
D) all of the above

Question 11

In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court hold that any form of electronic surveillance constitutes a search, and therefore must meet the requirements of the Fourth Amendment?

A) United States v. Amen
B) United States v. McLeod
C) United States v. Knotts
D) Katz v. United States

Question 12

In the 1983 case of United States v. Knotts, the use what technology in a search came to the U.S. Supreme Court?

A) thermal imaging
B) GPS devices
C) voice recorders
D) sound amplifiers

Question 13

If an officer is using a recorder or microphone, that officer is by nature utilizing a(n) _______________.

A) illegal search
B) electronic search
C) legal search
D) both b and c

Question 14

Which U.S. Supreme Court case dealt with the issue of the use of thermal imaging on a defendant's home to determine whether the amount of heat emanating from it was consistent with the high-intensity lamps used for indoor marijuana growth?

A) Kyllo v. United States
B) United States v. Karo
C) United States v. Knotts
D) United States v. Jones

Question 15

Although not the first case involving the search of a cell phone, which case provided the U.S. Supreme Court with the opportunity to lay out in detail its philosophy on cell phones (and computers) and the information contained on them?

A) Carpenter v. United States
B) United States v. Jones
C) Riley v. California
D) Maryland v. Andrews

Question 16

It is not uncommon for drug transports to use certain types of vehicles to disguise their activities.

Question 17

If a motor home is permanently parked in a space designated for such vehicles and is not readily movable, it is a "home" protected by the Fourth Amendment.

Question 18

The purpose of an inventory search is to uncover criminal evidence.

Question 19

The first Supreme Court cases addressing luggage searches involved a search by a dog.

Question 20

Essentially, if there is probable cause of illegality, officers may search a vehicle without the requirement of a warrant.

Question 21

The use of drug dogs have been authorized for searches within schools.

Question 22

Police cannot record a conversation between two parties under any situation.

Question 23

When obtaining a judicial order for a wiretap, only one of the suspects whose conversations are to be overheard must be named in the judicial order.

Question 24

There is no practical difference between warrantless searches on homes and vehicles.

Question 25

The case of Katz v. United States dealt with searches using thermal imaging.

Question 26

An officer impounds a vehicle. That officer's department requires an inventory search of every impounded vehicle. The officer finds narcotics underneath the backseat of the vehicle. This evidence can be admitted at trial.

Question 27

The use of GPS devices first came to the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of United States v. Karo.

Question 28

The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that agents intrude on the "effect" of an individual when they place a GPS device on an automobile without a warrant.

Question 29

Many of the cases relating to computers are not really computer cases.

Question 30

The U.S. Supreme Court has extended the rationale in United States v. Robinson to searches of information on a cell phone.