Deck 8: Depression and Mania

Question 1

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) suggests several typologies of mood disturbances. Which one of the following is not included in the list provided in the text?

A) Cyclothymia
B) Major depressive disorder
C) Bipolar II disorder
D) Minor depressive disorder

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Based on 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey data, what percent of Canadians met the criteria for a mood disorder at some point in their lives?

A) 12.6
B) 11.5
C) 25.5
D) 10.6

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Disturbances of mood occur as a result of a complex mix of factors. Which one of the following is not included in the examples given in the text?

A) Social factors
B) Biological factors
C) Environmental factors
D) Dietary factors

Answer 3

D

Question 4

According to epidemiological studies, what per cent of people report some seasonal influence on mood?

A) 50%
B) 75%
C) 80%
D) 90%

Question 5

According to the text, cellular processes that are controlled by the circadian clock include:

A) Neuroplasticity
B) Glycolysis
C) Muscle contraction
D) DNA and RNA synthesis

Question 6

According to the 2006 Canadian Community Health Survey, what per cent of those surveyed with bipolar disorder abstained from substances over the past year?

A) 15%
B) 55%
C) 20%
D) 25%

Question 7

Approximately 10 to13 per cent of women who experience "baby blues" develop non-psychotic post-partum depression, although rates among low-income urban women can be as high as:

A) 26 %
B) 45 %
C) 50 %
D) 20 %

Question 8

The text outlines several risk factors for the development of post-partum depression. Which one of the following is not included among those outlined?

A) Interpersonal problems with significant relationships
B) Adverse housing conditions
C) Low levels of social support
D) Lack of pre-natal support

Question 9

Mania is frequently diagnosed by the observation of which symptom?

A) Grandiosity
B) Flat affect
C) Reduced energy
D) Relaxed mood

Question 10

What per cent of individuals with bipolar disorder will relapse within one year?

A) 51%
B) 24%
C) 41%
D) 42%

Question 11

Approximately what per cent of people with bipolar disorder will end their lives by suicide?

A) 15%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 25%

Question 12

Which one of the following is not included in the text description of treatment approaches for depression?

A) Psychosocial intervention alone
B) Psychosocial intervention plus pharmacotherapy
C) In severe cases, some form of brain stimulation
D) Pharmacotherapy alone

Question 13

Specific approaches in psychosocial intervention for mood disturbances include:

A) Cognitive-behavioural therapy
B) Psychodynamic therapy
C) Transpersonal therapy
D) Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing

Question 14

Approximately what percent of individuals with major depression and treated with cognitive therapy will relapse within two years if they do not receive some continued treatment?

A) 45%
B) 50%
C) 70%
D) 25%

Question 15

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), involves combining cognitive strategies with which one of the following?

A) Medication
B) Meditation
C) Spirituality
D) Art therapy

Question 16

The text identifies three main eras in the development and use of antidepressants. Which one of the following is not included in the list?

A) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors and the tricyclics
B) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
C) Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
D) Proton pump inhibitors

Question 17

An individual who has had two or more depressive episodes is at what percent risk of relapse over the next five years?

A) 20-30%
B) 50-60%
C) 60-80%
D) 70-90%

Question 18

According to Table 8.3, which one of the SNRI's can have potential withdrawal effects?

A) Prozac
B) Celexa
C) Paxil
D) Zoloft

Question 19

Which psychedelic drug has shown effectiveness in treating depression, yet is not approved for use in Canada?

A) Lysergic acid diethylamide
B) Ketamine
C) MDA
D) Mescaline

Question 20

During which decade did ECT become a common first-line treatment method for psychiatric disorders?

A) 1930's
B) 1940's
C) 1950's
D) 1960's

Question 21

Which foods consumed in Western diets are associated with higher rates of depression?

A) Leafy greens
B) Soy products
C) Sugars
D) Whole grains

Question 22

One of the goals of pharmacological treatment of mania is:

A) To control the symptoms in the acute phase
B) To provide sedation
C) To prevent tardive dyskinesia
D) To increase depressive symptoms

Question 23

In what percentage of people has lithium carbonate been effective in preventing further manic episodes?

A) 60 to 80 %
B) 40 to 60 %
C) 25 to 50%
D) 50 to 80%

Question 24

The side effects of ECT include:

A) Irritability
B) Amnesia
C) Decreased appetite
D) Increased stamina

Question 25

Transcranial magnetic stimulation was initially used to treat a variety of neurological conditions including:

A) Migraine
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) Aneurysm
D) Bell's Palsy

Question 26

The World Health Organization (2018) ranks depression as one of the three leading causes of disability worldwide.

Question 27

There is a greater prevalence of mood disturbances in rural areas than in urban areas in both the United States and Canada.

Question 28

Women are consistently found to have higher rates of bipolar disorder than men.

Question 29

Depression is highly influenced by the social determinants of health, such as healthy child development.

Question 30

Younger people appear to be at higher risk of winter depression than older people.

Question 31

In general, offspring of parents with bipolar disorder are at greater risk of developing a bipolar spectrum disorder than the general population.

Question 32

There is evidence that drugs that increase monoamine neurotransmitters tend to cause depression.

Question 33

Post-partum depression is likely the best example of the interaction between biological and social factors in the development of depression.

Question 34

A more moderate form of bipolar disorder is called cyclothymia.

Question 35

The "stepped-care approach" is a process that matches specific treatment to the needs of the client at a particular point in time and increasing in intensity as the severity of the episode increases.

Question 36

Psychoeducation as an addition to medication significantly increases the risk of relapse.

Question 37

In cognitive behavioural therapy, individuals are taught to challenge negative assumptions.

Question 38

According to Blier (2008), a significant focus in educating the public on medication for mood disturbances should be re-directed towards fearing stigma related to depression.

Question 39

The Cochrane Review of 16 randomized controlled trials (2009) concluded that there is overwhelming evidence to support that SNRIs have improved outcomes over tricyclic anti-depressants.

Question 40

Side effects of light therapy are minimal.

Question 41

List the mood disturbances introduced at the chapter's introduction.

Question 42

Briefly describe the social, environmental, and biological factors influencing mood disturbances.

Question 43

Briefly describe the three main elements of supported self-management.

Question 44

Briefly describe the central tenets of cognitive therapy.

Question 45

What are the three main eras in the development and use of anti-depressants?