Deck 6: Trauma and Traumatic Grief

Question 1

In the text, the conceptualizing of trauma response is described on a continuum. Which one of the following is not included in the list?

A) Personality disturbance
B) Acute stress
C) Post-traumatic stress
D) Extreme post-traumatic stress

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A Canadian study revealed that, although 75.9 per cent of 3,000 respondents reported a lifetime exposure to one or more traumatic events, the lifetime prevalence rate for post-traumatic stress was:

A) 9.2 %
B) 5.3 %
C) 12.8 %
D) 2.4 %

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A recent meta-analysis that compared PTSD prevalence in 24 countries reported that rates of PTSD were highest in a group of countries with the lowest levels of vulnerability including:

A) New Zealand
B) Germany
C) France
D) Portugal

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Several factors combine to help us understand trauma at the individual level. Which one of the following is not included in the list of factors within the text?

A) The recovery environment
B) The individual's genetic predisposition
C) Individual peritraumatic response
D) The nature of traumatic exposure

Question 5

According to research, resilient individuals are viewed to have:

A) Optimism
B) Medication compliance
C) Dissociation
D) Concerns about the future

Question 6

In individuals living with post-traumatic stress, several biological alterations are noted. Which one of the following is not included in the description within the text?

A) An exaggerated startle response that does not diminish
B) Increased activation of the pituitary gland
C) Abnormal secretion of cortisol from the adrenal glands
D) Increased dopamine and decreased serotonin

Question 7

According to the text, developmental crises can include:

A) Job loss
B) Adolescence
C) Diagnosis of a life-threatening disease
D) Attending university

Question 8

Crisis response occurs in five stages. Which phase follows the pre-crisis equilibrium phase?

A) crisis phase
B) impact phase
C) post-crisis phase
D) resolution phase

Question 9

Which one of the following was the name given to the collection of symptoms experienced by World War I soldiers that involved tremor, restricted movement, and nervous exhaustion?

A) Shell shock
B) Nervous heart
C) Neuraesthenia
D) Irritable heart

Question 10

Which one of the following is not among the symptom clusters associated with acute stress and post-traumatic stress?

A) Dissociative symptoms
B) Hyper-arousal symptoms
C) Intrusion symptoms
D) Avoidance symptoms

Question 11

Who introduced the diagnosis of complex post-traumatic stress?

A) Herbert William Page
B) Robert Burton
C) Bessel van der Kolk
D) Judith Lewis Herman

Question 12

Treatment for trauma symptoms focuses primarily on:

A) Symptom management
B) Exposure therapy
C) Narrative therapy
D) Dialectical Behaviour Therapy

Question 13

Elisabeth Kübler-Ross (1969) identified five stages of grief. Which one of the following is not included in the list of grief stages?

A) Denial
B) Anger
C) Betrayal
D) Depression

Question 14

Regehr and Sussman (2004) have summarized additional sets of stages related to the grieving process, including:

A) Reorganization
B) Dysfunction
C) Persistent grief
D) Dysregulation

Question 15

Authors suggest that people who experience prolonged, complicated, or traumatic grief often experience concurrent mental health problems. Which one of the following is not included in the examples given in the text?

A) Depression
B) Anxiety
C) Dissociation
D) Stress related medical disorders

Question 16

In table 6.3: Psychosocial Interventions for Trauma, which one of the following is suggested as a form of intervention for post traumatic stress?

A) Relaxation
B) Distraction
C) Avoidance
D) Exercise

Question 17

In a study of African Americans who lost a loved one to homicide, primary coping strategies included:

A) Denial
B) Spirituality
C) Substance use
D) Withdrawal from social gatherings

Question 18

Following trauma exposure, empirical evidence supports which intervention strategies for symptom management?

A) Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioural intervention
B) Dialectic behavioural intervention
C) Psycho-education
D) Interpersonal therapy

Question 19

The US Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) developed the approach to trauma-informed care. Which one of the following is not included in the points provided in the text?

A) Recognizing that trauma has a widespread impact
B) Recognizing the signs and symptoms of trauma
C) Integrating trauma knowledge into policies, programs and practices
D) Anticipating re-traumatization

Question 20

As a form of intervention with trauma, cognitive-behavioural therapies come in a variety of forms including:

A) Negative reinforcement
B) Stress inoculation training
C) Cognitive Processing Therapy
D) Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

Question 21

When working with people with traumatic stress whose sleep patterns are interrupted by nightmares, several options are available to support them. Which one of the following is not suggested in the text?

A) Write down the repetitive thoughts, say them into a tape recorder, or speak to someone at a distress centre
B) Going for a walk (if it is safe and the person is comfortable)
C) Engaging in high-impact physical activity
D) Identify ways to reduce arousal and the re-stimulation of traumatic response through avoidance of certain places or stimuli

Question 22

Which one of the following statements is among the summary of findings related to treatment approaches to traumatic grief?

A) Not all people who have experienced traumatic loss require treatment
B) Anyone experiencing traumatic loss would benefit from treatment
C) Unresolved relationship issues towards the deceased will benefit from transactional therapy
D) Unresolved relationship issues will benefit from conflict exploration

Question 23

Which medication is preferred when treating post traumatic stress?

A) Anti-psychotics
B) Anxiolytics
C) Anti-depressants
D) Mood stabilizers

Question 24

Which one of the following medications is not among the preferred SSRIs for treatment of core symptoms of PTSD?

A) Paroxetine
B) Fluoxetine
C) Sertraline
D) Citalopram

Question 25

The beta-adrenergic blocker Propranolol has received considerable publicity over its ability to support individuals with:

A) Alleviating depressive symptoms
B) Erasing traumatic memories
C) Reducing nightmares
D) Reducing numbing

Question 26

Anyone exposed to a horrifying event develops post-traumatic stress disorder.

Question 27

According to meta-analyses, a perceived life threat during traumatic exposure is strongly associated with the development of PTSD.

Question 28

Studies revealed that the highest rates of trauma stress followed events involving interpersonal violence.

Question 29

Higher levels of social support are occasionally found to be associated with lower degrees of post-traumatic symptoms.

Question 30

Prior life experiences and pre-existing personality factors do not contribute to the development of chronic trauma symptomatology.

Question 31

Medication for treatment of peritraumatic stress symptoms can lead to better outcomes in those exposed to traumatic events.

Question 32

There is a positive correlation between heightened emotionality in the immediate aftermath of the traumatic exposure and higher levels of longer term trauma symptoms.

Question 33

There are two primary types of events that can result in a crisis response.

Question 34

The major difference between acute stress symptoms and post-traumatic stress symptoms is in the length of time that symptoms are experienced.

Question 35

Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder differs from PTSD in that the CPTSD symptoms last longer.

Question 36

Grief and trauma often occur independently of one another.

Question 37

Life crises and trauma can lead to positive personal change.

Question 38

One of the elements of post traumatic growth is acquiring a new philosophy regarding the meaning of life.

Question 39

A review by Regehr and Sussman (2004) revealed that denial was more effective than intervention in the case of normal bereavement.

Question 40

Providing Cognitive Behavioural therapies without including exposure therapy may yield a lower risk of iatrogenic effects.

Question 41

Briefly describe the role of resilience in the trauma process.

Question 42

Briefly describe how trauma responses impact neuro-biology.

Question 43

List the main characteristics of a crisis.

Question 44

List some of the elements of complex post-traumatic stress.

Question 45

List Kubler-Ross' stages of grief.