Deck 7: Feeding and Eating Disorders

Question 1

Epidemiological estimates that between ___% and ___% of women in Canada will develop anorexia nervosa. At some point in their lives.

A) 0.5% and 4%
B) 5% and 10%
C) 7% and 9%
D) 10% and 20%

Answer 1

0.5% and 4%

Question 2

Margaret's appetite has decreased markedly over the course of the semester, resulting in a weight of 100 lbs. on her 5'9" frame. Her roommate has noticed that she tends to wear layers of clothing even in warm weather and frequently complains about her weight. If Margaret were referred for evaluation for an eating disorder, what percent of ideal body weight would be used as a criterion for excessive weight loss?

A) 35%
B) 50%
C) 65%
D) 85%

Answer 2

85%

Question 3

Which of the following statements is True of the binge eating/purging subtype of anorexia nervosa?

A) Both binge eating and purging must be present for the diagnosis to be made.
B) Binge eating, purging, or both may be present for the disorder to be diagnosed.
C) Binge eating is often accompanied by excessive exercise.
D) Binge eating need only occur once to meet the diagnostic criterion.

Answer 3

Binge eating, purging, or both may be present for the disorder to be diagnosed.

Question 4

Among young women in today's culture, anorexia nervosa is generally interpreted as

A) self-denial in order to attain a state of euphoria.
B) an attempt to achieve an ideal state of thinness.
C) a wish for parental attention.
D) a need to remain childlike in body build.

Question 5

Body mass index (BMI) is a way of expressing

A) the ratio of height and weight to percent body fat.
B) the threshold for abnormal weight loss.
C) percent of body fat.
D) both height and weight in one measure.

Question 6

Clinicians use the ________ in determining the weight status of their clients.

A) caloric weight index (CWI)
B) body mass index (BMI)
C) weight to height ratio (WHR)
D) body weight ratio (BWR)

Question 7

An associated medical feature of anorexia nervosa that might explain the tendency to layer clothing even in mild temperatures is

A) lowered body temperature.
B) heightened blood pressure.
C) increased heart rate.
D) shallow breathing.

Question 8

Select the statement that is False regarding anorexia nervosa.

A) Victims weigh less than 85% of their ideal body weight.
B) It is rarely associated with mortality.
C) Younger patients do not have normal developmental weight gains.
D) Cases may be found throughout history.

Question 9

The example cited in the text of saints starving themselves out of devotion is

A) an illustration of the binge-purge cycle.
B) not considered a historical form of anorexia nervosa.
C) not a case of anorexia nervosa because it involves a religious context.
D) an example of the impact of context on symptom expression in an illness.

Question 10

A particularly perplexing clinical feature of anorexia nervosa is the

A) individual's intense fear of gaining weight despite emaciation.
B) person's concern over parental approval and acceptance.
C) person's inability to articulate any food favorites.
D) patient's willingness to binge after long periods of starvation.

Question 11

Psychological features often associated with anorexia nervosa include

A) anxiety and personality disorders.
B) anxiety and childhood disorders.
C) depression and somatoform disorders.
D) depression and anxiety.

Question 12

Alejandra has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Her dinner last night consisted of 3 celery sticks, a spoonful of hummus, half of a slice of pita bread, and a cup of tea. Feeling full and bloated after eating, Alejandra decided to work out on the treadmill for 40 minutes. Which of the following anorexia nervosa subtypes accurately describes her condition?

A) Binging
B) Dieting
C) Purging
D) Restricting

Question 13

Anorexia nervosa may be a lethal disorder resulting in death from the effects of starvation or from

A) breathing difficulties.
B) stomach cancer.
C) amenorrehea.
D) suicide.

Question 14

Select the statement below that is True of amenorrhea and the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa in the DSM-5.

A) Amenorrhea need not be present for anorexia nervosa to be diagnosed.
B) Research demonstrates meaningful differences in diagnosis between females who do and do not menstruate.
C) Amenorrhea must be present for an anorexia nervosa diagnosis.
D) Menstruation must occur monthly but for briefer periods than usual for a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa.

Question 15

Females are _____ likely to develop anorexia nervosa than are males.

A) more
B) less
C) equally as
D) much less

Question 16

As in other Western countries, in Canada anorexia nervosa has the highest mortality rate of any mental disorder, with about ____ to ____ of people with anorexia dying from the disorder (LeBlanc, 2014).

A) 1% to 3%.
B) 10% to 15%.
C) 16% to 18%.
D) people do not die from this disorder.

Question 17

Kaylyn suffers from anorexia nervosa. She induces vomiting. This is called

A) bingeing.
B) emaciation.
C) purging.
D) restricting.

Question 18

Which of the following is True of the course of anorexia nervosa as a disorder?

A) It usually develops during early adolescence and tends to be short-lived.
B) It may often include periods of relapse and remission.
C) It rarely includes a crossover into bulimia nervosa.
D) It does not have long-term health consequences for the patient.

Question 19

Three consecutive months of ___________has been removed from the official diagnosis of anorexia nervosa in the DSM 5 because it was determined that no meaningful differences occurred between individuals with anorexia nervosa who do and do not menstruate.

A) weight loss
B) amenorrhea
C) purging
D) denial of emaciation

Question 20

Certain segments of the population have higher rates of anorexia nervosa than others. Which of the following segments would potentially have the highest rates of the disorder?

A) Females from suburban homes
B) Workers in service industries
C) Daughters of divorced parents
D) Workers in the entertainment industry

Question 21

Which of the following most accurately describes the use of laxatives as a compensatory strategy in bulimia nervosa?

A) It is an ineffective strategy for avoiding weight gain.
B) It is a safe and effective means of maintaining one's desired weight.
C) Few persons diagnosed with the disorder actually use them.
D) Research indicates that it leads to retention of electrolytes in one's system.

Question 22

Marina complains of feeling out-of-control after eating a slice of toast. In an eating disorders paradigm, this behaviour would be termed a(n)

A) objective binge.
B) subjective binge.
C) brief binge.
D) psychological binge.

Question 23

By the time Kathleen Rea joined the National Ballet Company of Canada, she was binging and purging up to ___ times a day. ?

A) 3
B) 6
C) 8
D) 12

Question 24

At least 75% of all persons diagnosed with anorexia nervosa have a comorbid risk of

A) bipolar disorder.
B) substance abuse disorder.
C) major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder.
D) an anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder.

Question 25

It is estimated that ___% to ___% of Canadian women will develop bulimia nervosa.

A) 1% to 4%
B) 3% to 5%
C) 6% to 8%
D) 9% to 10%

Question 26

Biweekly for the last year, Beverly has experienced irresistible urges to eat two gallons of ice cream and a bag of chocolate chip cookies. However, she manages to work off her calories using an exercise regimen that includes two hours of treadmill activity followed by a four-mile jog. Although she manages to avoid weight gain when she goes into her "binge modes," she complains of feeling out of control during these binges. Beverly exhibits symptoms of

A) obsessive-compulsive eating disorder.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) anorexia nervosa.
D) a binge eating disorder.

Question 27

Patterns of binge eating may vary among those diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. Bingeing may occur from occasionally to

A) weekly.
B) daily.
C) hourly.
D) multiple times per day.

Question 28

Unlike anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa is

A) a visible eating disorder.
B) an invisible eating disorder.
C) life-threatening.
D) found in women only.

Question 29

Key symptoms of bulimia nervosa include recurrent episodes of binge eating, a feeling of being "out of control" during binge eating episodes, and

A) inappropriate strategies for weight control.
B) amnesia for food consumption.
C) a fear of running out of food.
D) a desire to maintain a state of starvation.

Question 30

__________ disorders often precede the development of anorexia nervosa and consequently may place a person at particular risk for the expression of the disorder.

A) Developmental
B) Personality
C) Anxiety
D) Substance abuse

Question 31

Unlike overeating too much of a favorite food, people with bulimia nervosa

A) consume a large amount of food in a short period of time and use compensatory behaviours.
B) consume a large quantity of food in a brief period of time but do not use laxatives.
C) do not have trouble stopping when they feel full.
D) feel more control over their eating because they have compensatory behaviours to regulate weight gain.

Question 32

In 2013, with the publication of DSM-5, BED:

A) became an official diagnostic category.
B) prevalence rates were established.
C) female prevalence rates for geriatric cases are overestimated.
D) we have identified those needing treatment for an eating disorder.

Question 33

The most important personality trait found in cases of anorexia nervosa is

A) perfectionism.
B) conscientiousness.
C) agreeableness.
D) responsibility.

Question 34

Adolescence and young adulthood are typical periods of risk for eating disorders in that individuals who are perfectionistic, prone to worry, and stressed by change may

A) resist unwanted interventions by parents or other authority figures.
B) find developmental milestones to be triggers for the disorder.
C) use regurgitation as a passive-aggressive tactic for control.
D) develop phobias centering on specific food groups.

Question 35

Select the statement below that is True of bulimia nervosa.

A) The incidence of the disorder has gradually declined over the last 10 years.
B) It is a more "modern" phenomenon than anorexia nervosa.
C) It is found more frequently in rural areas.
D) It does not appear to be a culture-bound phenomenon.

Question 36

An inappropriate compensatory behaviour may be defined as

A) any action taken to counteract a binge or avoid weight gain.
B) only those actions taken to avoid binge eating.
C) any ritualistic behaviour used to avoid thinking about bingeing.
D) a healthy course of action taken to counteract negative consequences of bingeing.

Question 37

Which of the following is True of both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

A) Both disorders involve periods of extreme overeating.
B) Patients with both disorders complain of fear starvation.
C) Both disorders involve a purging subtype.
D) Both disorders are not found among older persons.

Question 38

In bulimia nervosa, binges are usually terminated because the person runs out of food, is interrupted by someone, or

A) a strong gag reflex starts.
B) feels satiated.
C) experiences a strong urge to purge.
D) becomes violently ill.

Question 39

For bulimia nervosa to be diagnosed, binge eating must have occurred

A) daily for a period of two months or more.
B) daily for a period of three months or more.
C) at least weekly for a period of two months or more.
D) at least weekly for a period of three months or more.

Question 40

Compared to those diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, patients with bulimia nervosa are more likely to engage in

A) exhibitionistic behaviours.
B) high-risk sexual behaviour.
C) alcohol and drug abuse.
D) self-mutilating behaviours such as "cutting."

Question 41

Epidemiologic data on eating disorders

A) suggest that eating disorders are more prevalent among black women than white women,
B) do not provide us with a clear picture of the racial and ethnic distribution of the disorders.
C) indicate that First Nation's females have a disproportionately high rate of eating disorders compared to Caucasian females.
D) suggest that anorexia nervosa among Sikh women is underreported.

Question 42

Which of the following statements is False regarding eating disorders among females?

A) They may result from increased pressure to attain the thin ideal.
B) They may result from the influence of hormones on appetite and weight regulation.
C) They may be diagnosed more frequently because of sex biases in the diagnostic criteria.
D) They are more likely than males to engage in binge eating disorders.

Question 43

Overeating behaviour without regular inappropriate compensatory behaviours are characteristic of which of the following?

A) Bulimia nervosa
B) Anorexia nervosa
C) Binge eating disorder
D) Purge eating disorder

Question 44

As compared to individuals with anorexia nervosa, individuals with bulimia nervosa are more

A) rigid.
B) perfectionistic.
C) obsessive.
D) impulsive.

Question 45

In bulimia nervosa, erosion of dental enamel and callouses on the backs of the hands

A) is predictive of a suicide attempt among younger women.
B) are among some of the ways the disorder is hard on the body.
C) discriminates acute from chronic symptom expression of purging.
D) has been found to be an unreliable indicator of self-induced vomiting.

Question 46

A common personality trait in both anorexia and bulimia nervosa is

A) rule-boundedness.
B) introversion.
C) perfectionism.
D) conscientiousness.

Question 47

Outcome research estimates tell us that ______ percent of patients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa achieve full or partial remission.

A) 10
B) 20
C) 50
D) 80

Question 48

Obese people with binge eating disorder differ from obese persons without the disorder in that the former

A) are more likely to have associated depression and anxiety disorders.
B) report more frequent purging episodes.
C) report a later onset of both obesity and dieting.
D) recall less fluctuation in weight throughout their lives.

Question 49

Bulimia nervosa is more prevalent among females and tends to develop in

A) less industrialized countries.
B) families with more than 3 female children.
C) late childhood and early adolescence.
D) late adolescence or early adulthood.

Question 50

The use of laxatives in bulimia nervosa may lead to edema, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and

A) chronic fluid retention.
B) severe intermittent bouts of gastritis.
C) irreversible bowel dysfunction.
D) permanent irregular heartbeats.

Question 51

Willie enjoys eating in the university cafeteria because it features an all-you-can-eat buffet. He prefers to wait until most people have dined before entering the facility because he feels awkward about the amount he consumes. Willie usually eats until he feels uncomfortable, although he does not purge. He is most likely to have which of the following disorders?

A) Bulimia nervosa
B) Binge-eating disorder
C) Eating disorder not otherwise specified
D) Anorexia nervosa-binge eating type

Question 52

Select the statement below that is False regarding binge eating disorder.

A) It was only recently accepted as a formal psychiatric diagnosis.
B) It lacks the compensatory behaviours of bulimia nervosa.
C) Little is known about associated mortality or morbidity rates.
D) It may be a chronic condition.

Question 53

Among men, the incidence of bulimia nervosa might be underestimated because

A) men are hesitant to admit having struggles with their weight.
B) little, if any, research has been conducted on men who have eating disorders.
C) the disorder is masked by alcohol and other substance abuse problems.
D) men prefer exercise to purging or other compensatory behaviours.

Question 54

Yolanda has been diagnosed as having an eating disorder involving "chewing and spitting." Given this information, what is the most likely formal diagnosis for her?

A) Anorexia nervosa
B) Bulimia nervosa
C) Rumination disorder
D) Restrictive eating disorder

Question 55

For binge eating disorder, epidemiologic data indicate

A) increased risk for the disorder among members of the lower socioeconomic classes.
B) the same findings as revealed in the study of anorexia and bulimia nervosa.
C) children of women with binge eating disorders are not at higher risk for the disorder.
D) more differences in prevalence exist across racial and ethnic groups.

Question 56

Monica Seles, whose story is presented in the text, suffered from

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) alcohol abuse.
C) binge eating disorder (BED).
D) drug abuse.

Question 57

The rates at which binge eating disorder occurs in the general population make it the ___________________________ of all eating disorders in DSM-5.

A) most frequently occurring
B) least frequently occurring
C) most dangerous
D) most socially acceptable form

Question 58

Compared with anorexia nervosa patients, persons diagnosed with bulimia nervosa have

A) a higher risk of mortality.
B) a lower risk of mortality.
C) no risk of mortality.
D) an equal risk of mortality.

Question 59

Jenna is a young adolescent and has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Most likely, her recovery and treatment will address issues related to independence, trust, and

A) separation anxiety.
B) emotional freedom.
C) establishing romantic relationships.
D) assertiveness.

Question 60

Approximately _____ percent of those diagnosed with bulimia nervosa have another psychiatric disorder at some point in their lives.

A) 20
B) 50
C) 70
D) 80

Question 61

Inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa may be required for persons at 75% of their expected body weight. In addition, consideration is given to medical complications, failure to improve with outpatient treatment, and

A) the person's age.
B) the family's willingness to engage with the multidisciplinary team.
C) suicide attempts or plans.
D) the chronicity of the disorder.

Question 62

Overall, research indicates that the most effective approach in the treatment of anorexia nervosa is

A) use of a multidisciplinary team.
B) nutritional counselling.
C) family systems counselling.
D) behaviour modification.

Question 63

Actors, dancers, models, and athletes are at greater risk of developing anorexia nervosa than other groups .

Question 64

In approaching the treatment of anorexia nervosa, a multidisciplinary team first

A) opens family channels of communication.
B) addresses weight restoration.
C) confronts the patient about his/her denial.
D) identifies conflict areas in childhood.

Question 65

Christina is a middle school student going through puberty before her female classmates. Consequently, she may be at

A) lower risk for developing dissatisfaction with her body.
B) greater risk for developing an eating disorder.
C) less risk for being underweight.
D) greater risk for being sexually abused.

Question 66

Select the cognitive-behavioural treatment element below that is most effective in promoting behavioural change among persons with eating disorders.

A) training in diaphragmatic breathing
B) increasing self-esteem
C) altering thinking patterns
D) reducing family enmeshment.

Question 67

Animal studies have revealed that one part of the brain influential in appetite and weight control is the

A) hypothalamus.
B) adrenal glands.
C) pituitary gland.
D) olfactory epithelium.

Question 68

A treatment that focuses on emotional dysregulation and sees problem eating behaviours as attempts to manage unpleasant emotional states is

A) family therapy
B) dialectical behaviour therapy
C) interpersonal psychotherapy
D) supportive psychotherapy

Question 69

Salvador Minuchin, who investigated patterns of family dysfunction among patients with eating disorders, identified "enmeshment" as

A) a family's willingness to maintain the sick status of the affected member.
B) familial attempts to cover up the family member's illness.
C) the overidentification of family members with the therapist.
D) overinvolvement of all family members in the affairs of one member.

Question 70

Female anorexic patients may experience the loss of menstrual periods during the course of the disorder.

Question 71

As early as the 19ᵗʰ century, Lasegue identified social and psychological factors associated with anorexia nervosa.

Question 72

With respect to the treatment of eating disorders, DBT is to CBT as _____ is to _____.

A) faulty thinking; emotional dysregulation
B) unconscious conflict; faulty thinking
C) emotional dysregulation; faulty thinking
D) emotional dysregulation; unconscious conflict

Question 73

Sexual abuse histories among patients with bulimia nervosa are

A) more common than typically seen in the family histories of anorexic patients.
B) less common than one would expect from the histories of anorexic patients.
C) no more common than among other psychological disorders.
D) not documented well enough to be able to assess a prevalence rate.

Question 74

In persons with anorexia nervosa, abnormalities in serotonin levels may contribute to the expression of

A) introversion.
B) perfectionism.
C) passive-aggressive behaviour.
D) treatment resistance.

Question 75

What structural brain abnormalities have researchers discovered in patients with anorexia nervosa when they are ill?

A) Decreased hypothalamus size
B) Decreased ventricle size
C) Frontal lobe lesions
D) Loss of grey matter and reduced brain mass

Question 76

Relatives of persons with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa have an increased risk for eating disorders _____ times that of persons with no familial history of these disorders.

A) 3
B) 5
C) 8
D) 10

Question 77

While anorexia nervosa is a disorder found before the 21ˢᵗ century binge eating disorder is a disorder of fairly recent origin.

Question 78

The only FDA-approved drug for an eating disorder is fluoxetine, and it is prescribed for

A) bulimia nervosa.
B) anorexia nervosa.
C) eating disorder not otherwise specified.
D) bingeing.

Question 79

Patients diagnosed as having the restricting subtype of anorexia nervosa control their weight exclusively through dieting.

Question 80

The heritability of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa indicates that there appears to be

A) a genetic component to both disorders.
B) no direct genetic link to the disorders.
C) genes that are solely responsible for the disorders.
D) genes that are dominant over environmental influences in producing the disorder.