Deck 10: Neurocognitive Disorders

Question 1

Delirium tremens is a particular form of delirium associated with:

A) Withdrawal from benzodiazepines
B) Opioid withdrawal
C) Acute alcohol withdrawal
D) High fever

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which one of the following is not included in the list of characteristic cognitive symptoms of traumatic brain injury?

A) Impaired attention
B) Impaired recent and remote memory
C) Visual perceptual impairment
D) Impaired hearing

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What per cent of people experience depression alongside TBI?

A) 15%
B) 45%
C) 25%
D) 35%

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In 2016, the annual total health care costs of caring for people with dementia in Canada was:

A) 10.4 billion dollars
B) 10 million dollars
C) 20 million dollars
D) 5.4 billion dollars

Question 5

What percentage of people recovering from critical illnesses continue to experience cognitive impairments one year later?

A) Over 80%
B) Over 75%
C) Over 90%
D) Over 70%

Question 6

What per cent of patients in intensive care units have an alcohol use disorder and are at risk of developing alcohol withdrawal delirium?

A) Up to 31%
B) Up to 51%
C) Up to 16%
D) Up to 41%

Question 7

According to a large US study, what percentage of returning soldiers reported injuries consistent with TBI?

A) 12%
B) 15%
C) 25%
D) 22%

Question 8

According to the WHO, how many people worldwide suffer from dementia?

A) 50 million
B) 25 million
C) 10 million
D) 15 million

Question 9

Factors contributing to a decline in the incidence of dementia in the United States include:

A) Increases in education on dietary needs in the elderly
B) Improved treatments for cardiovascular risk factors
C) Improvements in fitness programs for seniors
D) Improved overall quality of living

Question 10

Which one of the following is not included in the list of medical conditions causing delirium?

A) Brain tumour
B) Metabolic disorders
C) Chronic Fatigue
D) Cardiopulmonary disorders

Question 11

Microscopic-level traumatic brain injuries include:

A) Intracranial contusions
B) Hematomas
C) Hypoxia
D) Hemorrhages from torn blood vessels

Question 12

Frontotemporal dementia is the most common form of early onset dementia, accounting for what per cent of all dementia cases before age 65?

A) 20-50%
B) 20-40%
C) 10-20%
D) 30-50%

Question 13

A number of neurocognitive disorders are caused by specific medical conditions, including:

A) Parkinson's disease
B) Lou Gehrig's disease
C) Hepatitis
D) Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 14

Mild cognitive impairment progresses to dementia at the rate of approximately 3 to 15 per cent per year. Within 10 years, what percentage of MCI cases will have developed Alzheimer's?

A) 50-60 %
B) 70-80 %
C) 40-50 %
D) 30-40%

Question 15

As Alzheimer's disease progresses a number of physical changes occur. Which one of the following is not included in the list of changes within the text?

A) Appetite disturbance
B) Weight gain
C) Difficulty walking
D) Tremors

Question 16

Routine laboratory tests should be performed when determining treatable causes of dementia, including:

A) Coagulation tests
B) Blood cholesterol test
C) Liver function test
D) Fasting glucose

Question 17

The clock drawing test can be used to assess a number of cognitive domains. Which one of the following is not included in the list provided by the text?

A) Verbal understanding
B) Spatial knowledge
C) Abstract thinking
D) Fine motor skills

Question 18

A significant degree of caregiver stress has emerged as a result of government policies that focus on:

A) Deinstitutionalization
B) Institutionalization
C) Cost of medication
D) Patient transportation to medical appointments

Question 19

What is the approximate percentage of Canadian patients currently in long term care with a diagnosis of dementia?

A) 66%
B) 55%
C) 75%
D) 45%

Question 20

Due to behavioural and emotional issues associated with TBI, behavioural and psychosocial interventions are an important adjunct to:

A) Physical rehabilitation programs
B) Psycho-education programs
C) Employment retraining programs
D) Medication regime

Question 21

Comprehensive-holistic rehabilitation programs (CHRPs) focus on the development of compensatory behaviours and adaptive skills of the person recovering from TBI. Which one of the following is not included in the list of elements in the text?

A) CBT and behavioural therapy
B) Active involvement of clients and their families
C) Vocational and independent living trials
D) One on one engagement with a peer supporter

Question 22

Aggressive behaviours due to TBI have been shown to improve with the use of:

A) Anticonvulsants
B) Neuroleptics
C) Antispasmodics
D) Beta-blockers

Question 23

According to the text, a number of supplements and vitamins have been used in the treatment of dementia, including:

A) Ginseng
B) Ginkgo
C) Vitamin C
D) Hypericum

Question 24

Despite little evidence to support their use, which one of the following drug families has been used to treat dementia?

A) Antispasmodics
B) Anti-inflammatories
C) Antiretrovirals
D) Antacids

Question 25

A number of medications have proved to be successful in treating aggression and agitation in dementia. Which one of the following is not included in those described in the text?

A) Trazodone
B) Buspirone
C) Effexor
D) Seroquel

Question 26

Neurocognitive disorders are conditions in which cognitive functioning is considerably impaired, and different from previous levels of functioning.

Question 27

Delirium tremens occurs in 2 per cent of people who are withdrawing from substance abuse.

Question 28

Severe traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of death and disability in young people living in high-income countries.

Question 29

There is increased risk of major depression and PTSD after a TBI.

Question 30

People with lower levels of education are less likely to develop dementia.

Question 31

Substance withdrawal delirium only lasts for a few hours.

Question 32

Progressive neurocognitive disorders are generally related to one of two forms of deterioration: (1) those affecting the cerebral cortex and (2) those affecting the prefrontal cortex.

Question 33

AD is diagnosed by ruling out all other causes of neurocognitive impairment.

Question 34

Korsakoff's syndrome is a specific condition stemming from a vitamin B12 deficiency caused by chronic alcoholism.

Question 35

Alzheimer's disease is the sixth leading cause of the death in the United States.

Question 36

Progressive neurocognitive disorders are usually identified through a careful one-time assessment.

Question 37

The mini-mental status examination (MMSE) requires extensive training to deliver.

Question 38

The well-being of the client with dementia is highly contingent on the well-being of their family caregivers.

Question 39

People are allowed the self-determination to remain in abusive situations if they fully understand the nature and consequences of their decision.

Question 40

What are some of the factors contributing to delirium?

Question 41

What are some of the characteristics of delirium?

Question 42

What are some of the symptoms of progressive neurocognitive disorders?

Question 43

What is the definition of elder abuse as defined by the Toronto Declaration on the Global Prevention of Elder Abuse?

Question 44

What is 'reminiscence therapy' and 'reality orientation' therapy?