Question 1

____________________ is characterized by a group of permanent disorders of development of movement and posture, of which often causes disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, communication, and behavior.

A) Cerebral palsy
B) Epilepsy
C) Brain damage
D) Paralysis

A

Accepted Answer

Cerebral palsy is a permanent disorder that affects movement and posture due to brain damage or development issues. It may also cause disturbances in sensation, perception, cognition, communication, and behavior. Epilepsy and paralysis may also affect movement and posture, but they do not necessarily cause the range of other issues associated with cerebral palsy. Brain damage may cause similar issues, but cerebral palsy specifically refers to a group of disorders that share these characteristics.

Question 2

Which of the following could be a cause of cerebral palsy?&#10;A) Fetal exposure to cigarette smoke&#10;B) Too much oxygen to the brain of the infant after birth&#10;C) Lack of oxygen to the brain of the fetus before birth&#10;D) Rh or ABO blood type compatibility

Accepted Answer

Cerebral palsy is often caused by a lack of oxygen to the brain of the fetus before birth, which can occur due to a variety of factors such as premature birth, problems with the placenta, or maternal infections. Fetal exposure to cigarette smoke and Rh or ABO blood type compatibility are not known to be direct causes of cerebral palsy. While too much oxygen to the brain of the infant after birth can lead to other complications, it is not a cause of cerebral palsy.

Question 3

What type of cerebral palsy is characterized with affected individuals having involuntary sustained or intermittent muscle contraction that causes twisting and repetitive movements, abnormal posture, or both?

A) Spastic
B) Athetoid
C) Mixed type
D) Dyskinetic

D

Accepted Answer

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy is characterized by the presence of involuntary sustained or intermittent muscle contraction. These contractions can cause twisting and repetitive movements, abnormal posture, or both.

Question 4

_____________ is when there is a lack of muscle tone and muscles are flaccid?&#10;A) Chorea&#10;B) Athetosis&#10;C) Atonia&#10;D) Choreoathetosis

Accepted Answer

Atonia is the state of lacking muscle tone, leading to muscles being flaccid. Chorea refers to involuntary movements, Athetosis involves slow, writhing movements, and Choreoathetosis is a combination of chorea and athetosis.

Question 5

Spina bifida is one of many congenital conditions known as _____________.&#10;A) neural tube defects&#10;B) cerebral palsy&#10;C) poliomyelitis&#10;D) muscular dystrophy

Accepted Answer

Spina bifida is a type of neural tube defect, which are congenital conditions that occur when the neural tube, which develops into the brain, spinal cord, and surrounding tissues, fails to close properly during fetal development.

Question 6

Spina bifida occulta refers to_________________.&#10;A) nerves of the spinal cord as well as the meninges protrude through the opening of the vertebrae to the outer part of the body&#10;B) the meninges protrude through the opening in the spinal column&#10;C) an opening in one or more vertebrae of the spinal column&#10;D) damage to the brain that occurred before, during, or shortly following birth

Accepted Answer

Spina bifida occulta is a condition where there is an opening in one or more vertebrae of the spinal column, but the spinal cord and nerves are usually normal and do not protrude.

Question 7

Many children with the severe type of spina bifida experience which of the following?&#10;A) Hydrocephalus&#10;B) Hypertonia&#10;C) Anoxia&#10;D) Hemiplegia

Accepted Answer

Hydrocephalus is a common complication of severe spina bifida, where there is an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, leading to an increase in pressure in the skull. This is due to a blockage or inability of the fluid to drain properly. This can cause symptoms such as headaches, nausea and vomiting, and in severe cases can lead to brain damage and death if left untreated. Hypertonia is a condition of increased muscle tone, which can be a symptom of spina bifida, but is not a consistent feature. Anoxia refers to a lack of oxygen supply to the tissues and is not typically associated with spina bifida. Hemiplegia refers to paralysis of one side of the body and is not typically associated with spina bifida.

Question 8

Spina bifida is a(n) ____________ condition.&#10;A) infectious&#10;B) congenital&#10;C) viral&#10;D) bacterial

Accepted Answer

Spina bifida is a congenital condition, meaning it is present at birth and is caused by incomplete development of the neural tube, which eventually becomes the spinal cord. It is not an infectious, viral, or bacterial condition.

Question 9

Spina bifida affects which of the following parts of the body?&#10;A) Brain&#10;B) Heart&#10;C) Spinal column&#10;D) Lungs

Accepted Answer

Spina bifida is a neural tube defect that affects the spinal column of a developing fetus. It occurs when the neural tube, which forms the brain and spinal cord, fails to develop properly during the first month of pregnancy. This can result in a range of physical and neurological impairments depending on the severity and location of the defect.

Question 10

Myelomeningocele, the most common and most severe form of spina bifida, usually results in __________________.&#10;A) paraplegia&#10;B) respiratory infections&#10;C) osteoporosis&#10;D) contractures

Accepted Answer

Myelomeningocele involves the protrusion of the spinal cord and meninges through a defect in the spine, which often results in paralysis of the lower limbs and can extend to paralysis of the trunk and upper limbs, leading to paraplegia. Respiratory infections, osteoporosis, and contractures may also be present but are not the most common or severe sequelae of myelomeningocele.

Question 11

Describe the definition of a severe chronic disability as defined in the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the definition of a severe chronic...

Question 12

What are some of the common features of developmental disabilities affecting limitation of function?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are some of the common features...

Question 13

Discuss some of the potential causes of cerebral palsy prenatally (before birth).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss some of the potential causes of...

Question 14

Describe the clinical types of cerebral palsy that are based on classification of movement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the clinical types of cerebral palsy...

Question 15

Describe the classifications of cerebral palsy according to the location of manifestations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the classifications of cerebral palsy according...

Question 16

Describe the three types of spina bifida.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the three types of spina bifida....

Question 17

Discuss the specific management interventions for cerebral palsy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the specific management interventions for cerebral...

Question 18

Discuss some of the complications of cerebral palsy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss some of the complications of cerebral...

Question 19

Describe some of the manifestations of cerebral palsy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe some of the manifestations of cerebral...

Question 20

Describe some of the vision manifestations of cerebral palsy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe some of the vision manifestations of...

Deck 11: Developmental Conditions: Cerebral Palsy and Spina Bifida