Deck 6: Bipolar and Depressive Disorders

Question 1

Select the statement about cyclothymic disorder that is True.

A) It is less severe than bipolar disorder and causes no impairment.
B) It is diagnosed if present for a three-month period.
C) It features alternate moods of hypomania and depression.
D) It has chronic, unremitting psychotic features.

Answer 1

It features alternate moods of hypomania and depression.

Question 2

Manic episodes usually alternate in tandem with

A) depressive episodes.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) dysthymia.
D) cyclothymic disorder.

Answer 2

depressive episodes.

Question 3

Bipolar disorder used to be called

A) hypomania.
B) dysthymic disorder.
C) cyclothymia.
D) manic depressive disorder.

Answer 3

manic depressive disorder.

Question 4

In children, the symptoms of mania may be close to those of

A) separation anxiety disorder.
B) attachment disorder.
C) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
D) explosive personality disorder.

Question 5

Bipolar disorder is a long-term disorder associated with emotional mood swings between the poles of mania and depression with

A) no moods characterized as normal.
B) a week of normal mood between swings.
C) possible normal moods.
D) hypomania the most pronounced feature.

Question 6

The major categories of mood disorders are distinguished from each other along the dimensions of mood - elated, depressed, or both - and the

A) age of the individual.
B) length of time the mood has persisted.
C) potential for suicide.
D) presence of panic attacks.

Question 7

Maria has had a week of extreme "ups and downs." On Monday, after a wonderful weekend of homecoming events, she noticed herself feeling a bit blue and saddened. At first, she suspected it was just the let down after all of the activities; however, her mood darkened until Friday when she found herself "over the moon" for no apparent reason. She was happy, care-free, full of energy, and exceedingly optimistic about her career. She even managed to whip out a 25-page research paper for her Research Methods class before nightfall. She loved these periods of boundless energy as they allowed her to accomplish much work with little need for sleep or eating. Given this overview of Maria's behaviour during the week, what might be a clinical descriptor for it?

A) Cyclothymic disorder
B) Double depression
C) Dysthymic disorder
D) Mixed state

Question 8

There are ________ major categories of mood disorders.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 9

Which of the following statements about bipolar disorder is True?

A) In Canada, the lifetime prevalence of bipolar I is higher than that of bipolar II
B) It begins in early childhood but often disappears in early adulthood.
C) It is more prevalent in third-world countries than in North America.
D) It has a significant relationship to early childhood abuse.

Question 10

The case of Linda, a senior in high school, that introduces the chapter on mood disorders illustrates the

A) onset of depression not triggered by an external cause.
B) impact of an external stressor on mood.
C) effect on mental health caused by the loss of a loved one.
D) relationship between substance abuse and depression.

Question 11

The case study of Ahmed, who behaved in a hyper way after receiving word that was selected as a Rhode scholar applicant, is an example of

A) normal elation.
B) hypomania.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) cyclothymic disorder.

Question 12

The various types of bipolar disorder each

A) follow roughly the same course of illness.
B) have a different course of illness.
C) begin at different points in life.
D) end in early adulthood.

Question 13

It has occurred to Gerald that with his bachelor's degree in psychology he is going to make a scientific discovery that will change the way the modern world views the etiology of schizophrenia. During one of his three-day periods of "extreme cognitive productivity," Gerald produced a journal article on his thesis, purchased 10 pairs of pants from the shopping channel, and operated on less than 4 hours of sleep per night. Which of the following would best describe Gerald's behaviour?

A) Dysthymic episode
B) Depressive episode
C) Manic episode
D) Bipolar episode

Question 14

How does Bipolar I disorder differ from Bipolar II disorder?

A) The manic episodes are "higher" in Bipolar I than in Bipolar II.
B) The manic episodes are not as "high" in Bipolar I as in Bipolar II.
C) The depressive episodes are "lower" in Bipolar I than in Bipolar II.
D) The depressive episodes are not as "low" in Bipolar I as in Bipolar II.

Question 15

The difference between bipolar I and bipolar II disorders is the presence of ________ in the latter instead of a full-blown manic episode.

A) hypomania
B) alexithymia
C) cyclothymia
D) dysthymia

Question 16

Mania is a high, excessive mood often accompanied by inappropriate or dangerous behaviour, pressured or rapid speech, a False sense of well-being, and

A) binge shopping.
B) potentially dangerous behaviour.
C) substance abuse.
D) risky sexual behaviour.

Question 17

Bipolar disorder is characterized by dramatic shifts in mood, energy, and

A) ability to function.
B) gender identity.
C) facility for recall of information.
D) executive function

Question 18

Select the statement that is True of mood disorders.

A) They are transient states that typically follow some external stressor.
B) They include conditions characterized by abnormally high moods.
C) They are the only DSM category of disorders that is caused by a chemical imbalance.
D) They are relatively infrequent in the general population.

Question 19

Whereas adults with mania experience a euphoric high, children with the same condition

A) display tantrums.
B) display the euphoria through spinning.
C) do not show evidence of a mood disturbance.
D) cycle more quickly through the "high."

Question 20

When both manic and depressive episodes are present, the person is said to suffer from

A) unipolar disorder.
B) mania.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) psychosis.

Question 21

In order to be diagnosed as having a major depressive single episode, a patient would have to report experiencing depressed mood or lack of interest in daily activities for a period of two

A) days.
B) months.
C) weeks.
D) years.

Question 22

Bipolar disorder in the Canada is found to be comorbid with

A) schizophrenic disorders.
B) personality disorders.
C) substance abuse.
D) phobic disorder.

Question 23

"Double depression" is a term used to refer to episodes of

A) suicidal thinking found in major depressive disorder.
B) dysthymia that recur frequently.
C) major depressive disorder in addition to dysthymia.
D) dysthymia repeated in major depressive disorder.

Question 24

One reason that major depressive disorder is a complex condition that causes a major disruption in a person's life is that it

A) involves other psychological, emotional, social, and physical problems.
B) causes the individual to be hospitalized for an extended period.
C) requires the use of medications that have severe side effects.
D) appears in early childhood and persists throughout life.

Question 25

The symptoms of persistent depressive disorder are similar to those of major depressive disorder except for

A) poor appetite.
B) severity.
C) feelings of hopelessness.
D) loss of interest in social life.

Question 26

The case of Louise presented in your text is a classic example of persistent depressive disorder in that she was unable to derive pleasure from normal life events such as the marriage of her daughter. Your authors describe her as

A) withdrawn to the point of isolation.
B) living a binge-filled life.
C) being on an emotional roller coaster.
D) living under a gray cloud.

Question 27

The term "recurrent," as applied to mood disorders, means that the patient

A) shows a pattern of starting and stopping therapy as the mood disorder runs its course.
B) reports repetitive nightmares involving a traumatic event.
C) experiences several episodes, separated by periods of normal mood.
D) has a history of at least five specific episodes of mood disturbances in either the depressed or manic realms.

Question 28

Henry was recently involved in a tragic accident in which his wife was killed. Following the accident, he ate little and found himself unable to fall asleep despite the fact that he was physically and emotionally exhausted. His family became very concerned about him. Given the limited amount of information presented, what do you know about this case?

A) Henry has major depressive disorder brought on by the death of a loved one.
B) Henry is most likely suffering from dysthymia.
C) Henry would not be diagnosed as having major depression.
D) Most likely, Henry suffers from Cushing's syndrome.

Question 29

According to your authors, dysthymia can best be conceptualized as

A) a chronic state of depression.
B) a fluctuating pattern of high and low moods.
C) an intermittent period of deep depression.
D) a disorder caused by genetic factors.

Question 30

A persistent sad or low mood defines

A) bipolar disorder
B) major depressive disorder
C) hypomania
D) cyclothymia

Question 31

While major depression is ________, dysthymia is _________.

A) more frequent in women; more frequent in men
B) a long-term disorder; a short-term disorder
C) an episodic disorder; a persistent disorder
D) more resistant to treatment; less resistant to treatment

Question 32

Select the statement about major depressive disorder that is False.

A) It may be characterized by difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
B) Changes associated with sleep or appetite may lead to difficulties in attention and concentration.
C) Patients with the disorder have low mood, but they are only rarely at risk for suicide.
D) It may be an episodic disorder with intermittent periods of normal mood.

Question 33

Which statement best explains why dysthymia might be called a "paradoxical" condition?

A) Although symptoms may be relatively mild from day-to-day, their persistence may have severe consequences.
B) Dysthymia resembles major depressive disorder, but it is episodic.
C) Dysthymia begins in early childhood, but it is rarely diagnosed by pediatricians or child psychiatrists.
D) Although dysthymia involves depression, it does not lead to severe consequences.

Question 34

One factor that distinguishes major depressive disorder from sad mood is that

A) in major depression, symptoms come on gradually.
B) the symptoms of major depression affect the ability to function in work or social settings.
C) in major depression, suicidal thoughts are always present.
D) sadness, even if extreme, always passes quickly.

Question 35

When you consider variations in normal mood fluctuations and contrast them with different forms of mood disorder, it is clear that depression

A) shows less variability.
B) is more chronic.
C) is most likely a single disorder.
D) is not a single disorder.

Question 36

An individual with dysthymia has symptoms that are never absent for more than

A) two months.
B) one year.
C) four days.
D) 30 days.

Question 37

A severe disorder with a duration of several weeks and characterized by feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or feeling "down in the dumps," or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities is termed

A) bipolar disorder.
B) major depressive disorder.
C) dysthymia.
D) cyclothymia.

Question 38

Depression can occur even after events that are not typically associated with sadness, such as

A) scoring high marks on an exam
B) paying off student loans
C) having a baby
D) being complimented by a professor

Question 39

People suffering from dysthymia may

A) go several months without seeking treatment.
B) go several years without seeking treatment.
C) experience many months of feeling relatively normal.
D) experience years of feeling relatively normal.

Question 40

Kari states that she is "in a bad place" in her head. She feels down, has little appetite, and has noticed some weight loss. Lately, she is not interested in any of her usual activities because they leave her feeling empty and are just "too much effort." She is indifferent to friends and family and has begun having recurrent thoughts of suicide. Kari is best described as suffering from

A) dysthymic disorder.
B) cyclothymic disorder.
C) major depressive disorder.
D) bipolar disorder.

Question 41

The signs of depression in young people include all of the following EXCEPT

A) nonspecific physical complaints.
B) social withdrawal.
C) school absence or poor performance.
D) racing thoughts.

Question 42

With respect to depression rates, the 2-to-1 female-to-male ratio is firmly established by

A) middle childhood.
B) early adolescence.
C) late adolescence.
D) young adulthood.

Question 43

In a 2012 survey by Statistics Canada, an estimated _______ people had major depressive disorder.

A) 5.3 million
B) 3.2 million
C) 2.3 million
D) 1.9 million

Question 44

Epidemiological research tells us that depressive symptoms are more common among women who have few financial resources, are less educated, and are

A) childless.
B) younger.
C) unemployed.
D) unmarried.

Question 45

Suicide is a leading cause of death for people of all ages. In 2009, it ranked as the ______ leading cause of death in Canada

A) ninth
B) first
C) third
D) seventh

Question 46

Shala has recently given birth to an 8-pound baby boy. The birth was celebrated by both sides of the family and little William was the pride of all involved. Six weeks after giving birth, Shala had regained her physical stamina but continued to experience the "baby blues." As time passed, she began to have upsetting thoughts about her child. As she became more and more withdrawn from those around her, she wished she had never given birth and felt profound sadness and isolation. Which of the following best captures this syndrome?

A) Cyclothymic reaction
B) Peripartum depression
C) Postpartum dysphoria
D) Transient dysphoric reaction

Question 47

Nearly three-fourths of people with lifetime major depressive disorder are comorbid for

A) at least one additional disorder.
B) a disorder of early childhood.
C) transient psychotic states.
D) at least two additional disorders.

Question 48

While the diagnostic criteria for depression are the same for all age categories, children may show

A) a tendency to resist treatment more than adolescents.
B) more social withdrawal.
C) more nonspecific physical complaints such as headache and stomach aches.
D) a greater likelihood to have appetite disturbances.

Question 49

In Canada, the median age of onset of major depressive disorder is ___ years

A) 15
B) 26
C) 30
D) 45

Question 50

Suicide is ranked ________ among causes of death for 10 to 24 year olds.

A) first
B) third
C) fourth
D) second

Question 51

Approximately what percentage of women develops depression in the first 6 months postpartum?

A) 1 to 5%
B) 7 to 13%
C) 26 to 35%
D) 40 to 52%

Question 52

What is the peak age of risk for depression?

A) 18-43 years
B) 45-60 years
C) 18-23 years
D) 61-75 years

Question 53

The genetic correlation between generalized anxiety disorder and major depression is

A) 52%.
B) 100%.
C) 37%.
D) 19%.

Question 54

Deaths resulting from suicide are probably underreported due to

A) lack of standard classification schemes.
B) loss of anticipated employment-related death benefits.
C) misclassification of cause of death.
D) family resistance to reporting.

Question 55

Which choice best expresses the proportion of women afflicted by premenstrual dysphoric disorder?

A) 1% - 2%
B) 5% - 10%
C) 10% - 15%
D) 15% - 20%.

Question 56

What percentage of people over the age of 60 experience depression?

A) 10.6%
B) 43%
C) less than 2%
D) 64%

Question 57

Which figure below is the best estimate of the percentage of new mothers who develop the "baby blues" within a few days of childbirth?

A) 80%
B) 50%
C) 20%
D) 30%

Question 58

Universally, women have ________ the rate of men for major depression.

A) a rate equal to
B) twice
C) three times
D) four times

Question 59

The tendency to be high on the personality trait of neuroticism has been shown to be related to a higher risk for __________ in female children.

A) dysphoria
B) mania
C) major depression
D) suicide

Question 60

The National Comorbidity Study-Replication reported higher rates of major depression in _____________.

A) Non-Hispanic Blacks.
B) Hispanics.
C) Whites.
D) Asians.

Question 61

Which of the following statements about persons who attempt suicide is True?

A) Many people who attempt suicide fail to receive proper psychotherapeutic intervention afterward.
B) Often, people who make a serious suicide attempt do not need psychotherapy to understand the seriousness of their behaviour.
C) Psychotherapy alone is not often effective in dissuading an individual from attempting another suicidal act.
D) Most people who attempt suicide do so while in psychotherapy for substance abuse.

Question 62

A patient committed suicide. In an attempt to better understand factors leading up to this death, the therapist interviews the patient's family, co-workers, friends, and treating physicians. This approach is known as a

A) psychological autopsy.
B) post-mortem investigation.
C) psychological inquiry.
D) psychological debriefing.

Question 63

Approximately _______ of children who attempt or complete suicide suffer from psychological disorders.

A) 90%
B) 50%
C) 15%
D) 25%

Question 64

Using neuroimaging studies, scientists have identified several contributory factors in the etiology of depression, including

A) neurogenetic dysfunctions.
B) dysfunctional neurotransmitter pathways.
C) neurological breaks in brain pathways.
D) neuroendocrine abnormalities.

Question 65

Select the factor below that is associated with an increased risk for bipolar disorder.

A) Having a close relative identified as having the disorder
B) Living in the far north.
C) Being female
D) Being an unmarried mother

Question 66

Suicidal contagion refers to

A) copycat suicides.
B) familial rates of suicide.
C) empathy for the deceased.
D) convincing another to join in a suicidal act.

Question 67

In the text's discussion of the Hemingway and van Gogh families, the focus is on the

A) reinforcement of suicidal ideation.
B) heritability of suicide.
C) family's role modeling of suicidal behaviour.
D) inadvertent idealization of suicidal persons.

Question 68

Toby is being seen in therapy as a suicide risk. He has said that he is enrolled in college but not attending classes, has disconnected with his family, and has stopped going to his part-time job. Psychologists would term these conditions as a risk factor called

A) drifting.
B) devaluing.
C) isolating.
D) withdrawing.

Question 69

Linkage studies have narrowed the search for a genetic contribution to mood disorders by

A) establishing the need for longitudinal research on monozygotic twins who have been separated at birth.
B) pointing to gene combinations that appear in family members who have had symptoms of major depression.
C) identifying genes for which there is no link to mood disorders.
D) searching particular areas on a chromosome or several chromosomes that have a likelihood of containing risk genes.

Question 70

Which demographic group is at the HIGHEST risk for suicide?

A) Caucasian males
B) Caucasian females
C) Inuit youth
D) Inuit adults

Question 71

Increased risk for suicide among older people is associated with chronic illness and

A) loss of financial security.
B) decreased social support.
C) passive suicidal ideation.
D) lack of primary health care.

Question 72

The genetic component of suicide risk

A) accounts for 50 percent of total risk.
B) is completely dependent on the biology of depression.
C) is very small and unproven.
D) is entangled with environmental risk.

Question 73

Passive suicidal ideation and active suicidal ideation may be discriminated from each other on the basis of

A) whether psychotic thought processes were involved.
B) the presence or absence of a harm plan.
C) whether a person has made prior suicide attempts.
D) the presence of parasuicidal acts.

Question 74

Evidence obtained from family, twin, and genetic studies of mood disorders tells us that

A) there may be a genetic link to mood disorders, but no conclusive evidence exists.
B) a genetic contribution to major depression has not been found.
C) genes influence the risk for major depression.
D) there is near perfect prediction in risk for suicide among family members.

Question 75

Farley works as a suicide hotline staffer. One evening, he received a call from a young woman who complained of suicidal ideation but felt no immediate risk of acting on her thoughts. Given this, Farley provided a referral for follow-up at the local community counselling center. Which type of suicide prevention does this scenario depict?

A) Early detection
B) Peer support
C) Crisis intervention
D) Critical incident debriefing

Question 76

Bruno's father suffers from major depression. Compared with his cousin, who has no history of mental illness in her family, how much more likely is Bruno to develop major depression?

A) Six times more likely
B) Four times more likely
C) Two to three times more likely
D) Seven to eight times more likely

Question 77

Which suicide prevention approach is MOST controversial?

A) Targeting high risk groups
B) Crisis intervention
C) Teacher and peer support
D) Critical incident debriefing

Question 78

Mark is a 21-year-old male with a history of major depression and previous suicide attempts. How would you categorize his risk of a completed suicide in the future?

A) Low risk
B) No risk
C) High risk
D) Medium risk

Question 79

Dr. Albornoz is a scientist researching the genetic variations of a particular gene among family members with a mood disorder. He intends to contrast these findings with a matched sample of families without the disorder. What method of study is Dr. Albornoz employing?

A) Linkage study
B) Association study
C) Longitudinal study
D) Case study

Question 80

Through their association with low levels of serotonin, behaviours such as ________ and ________ increase the risk of suicide.

A) risk-taking; impulsivity
B) withdrawal; pathological aggression
C) acting-out; withdrawal
D) pathological aggression; impulsivity