Deck 16: Person-Centered and Existential Approaches to Group Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theory, Techniques, and Applications

Question 1

Carl Rogers discovered clients benefited most when he was all of the following EXCEPT

A) directive.
B) accepting of clients.
C) understanding of clients.
D) non-directive.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Initially known as a T-group, this group approach is now called

A) a sensitivity group.
B) an encounter group.
C) a human relations training group.
D) a structured growth group.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

T-groups were created primarily to

A) help clients become more socially interested.
B) provide clients with an environment where they would feel comfortable discussing their pasts.
C) increase spontaneity, personal growth, and members' sensitivity to others.
D) All of the above.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

If a client verbally attacks the leader, the leader should

A) politely ask the client to leave the room for the remainder of the session.
B) react non-defensively.
C) drop the client from the group.
D) All of the above.

Question 5

An effective humanistic counselor will do all of the following, EXCEPT

A) use self-disclosure appropriately.
B) show congruence in verbal and nonverbal communication.
C) be open to negative client emotions.
D) interpret client motives and behavior whenever possible.

Question 6

The most fundamental condition of a person-centered group leader is

A) communication of unconditional positive regard.
B) demonstration of empathy.
C) facilitation of trust.
D) display of congruence.

Question 7

Humanistic leaders should attend to their

A) posture.
B) facial expressions.
C) level of eye contact.
D) All of the above.

Question 8

The existential philosophy of counseling is most often applied to

A) psychoeducational groups.
B) psychotherapy groups.
C) task groups.
D) All of the above.

Question 9

During the __________ stage of existential group counseling, members translate their insights into action.

A) beginning
B) middle
C) final
D) action

Question 10

Existential techniques

A) are often derived from other theories.
B) are guided by a philosophical framework.
C) help members come to terms with the paradoxes of living.
D) All of the above.

Question 11

All of the following are considered types of humanistic groups EXCEPT

A) self-help groups.
B) personal growth groups.
C) sensory awareness groups.
D) sensitivity groups.

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding both person-centered and existential approaches to group work? Both approaches:

A) stress the importance of self-awareness.
B) share common assumptions about human nature and the therapeutic process.
C) emphasize that people have free will and the ability to make choices that promote growth.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 13

All of the following characteristics describe a person-centered group leader EXCEPT

A) non-directive.
B) non-defensive.
C) structured.
D) self-disclosing.

Question 14

Person-centered group counseling focuses more on the __________ of therapeutic interactions, rather than the

A) content; process.
B) process; content.
C) emotionality; dynamics.
D) dynamics; emotionality.

Question 15

Which of the following techniques did Rogers employ in person-centered group counseling?

A) Empty chair
B) Role-play
C) Acting as if
D) All of the above.

Question 16

According to existentialism, ????__________ exist(s) in the four ultimate concerns of: death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness.

A) depression
B) suicidality
C) anxieties
D) All of the above.

Question 17

The ultimate goal of existential therapy is

A) increased self-awareness.
B) the choice of a more authentic life.
C) improved social interactions.
D) eliminating all anxieties.

Question 18

Generally, the existential approach to group work is most useful for members who

A) are verbal.
B) can communicate effectively.
C) are not afraid to deal with painful issues.
D) All of the above.

Question 19

__________ most accurately describes the existential leader's function in the group.

A) Partner
B) Director
C) Parent figure
D) Executor

Question 20

Similar to the person-centered approach, the existential approach uses

A) silence.
B) questions.
C) interpretations.
D) All of the above.

Question 21

All of the following describe limitations of existential group work EXCEPT

A) its approach is too rigid and inflexible.
B) its philosophy is subjective and must by applied by an experienced leader.
C) members may not initially view the leader as trustworthy.
D) it lacks a defined, systematic approach.

Question 22

The existential counselor focuses on __________ as an avenue toward living a meaningful life?

A) creativity
B) authenticity
C) free will
D) All of the above

Question 23

In both person-centered and existential approaches to group work, emphasis is placed on

A) the four ultimate concerns contributing to anxiety.
B) the here and now.
C) the importance of genuineness.
D) All of the above.

Question 24

In humanistic group work, the strategies and techniques are more __________ because they occur in the here and now.

A) standardized
B) predictable
C) experiential
D) difficult

Question 25

By giving attention to members' concerns and feelings while communicating a nonjudgmental attitude, the person-centered group leader is demonstrating

A) congruence.
B) genuineness.
C) respect.
D) unconditional positive regard.

Question 26

What did Rogers hope clients would gain from encounter groups? What paramount need could clients meet through participation in these groups?

Question 27

What are the functions and roles of humanistic leaders?

Question 28

What are the functions of existential leaders? What are their roles in group work?

Question 29

List at least three behaviors that can demonstrate to clients that a leader is genuine. Why is genuineness an important part of humanistic counseling?

Question 30

Describe the conditions that must be present in humanistic group counseling in order for change to occur. To what extent do humanistic counseling groups adhere to the stages of group counseling?

Question 31

What are the stages of existential counseling? What tasks characterize each stage?

Question 32

Identify the four ultimate concerns of the existential philosophy. Explain how the group approach is beneficial for reducing anxiety around these concerns.

Question 33

Describe the use of techniques in person-centered groups.

Question 34

Describe common techniques used in an existential group.

Question 35

Identify and describe the limitations or criticisms of the humanistic approach to group work.