Question 1

Much of juvenile delinquency is not recorded in official statistics. Which is not a reason for this?&#10;A) Adults are unaware of the offense&#10;B) Some delinquency and status offending is consensual&#10;C) Status offenses are difficult to identify&#10;D) The police do not record the offense

Accepted Answer

The police do not record the offense&#10;

Question 2

This perspective considers recidivism to be a consequence, in part, of the negative characterizations applied to offenders.&#10;A) Net-widening&#10;B) Parens patriae&#10;C) Strain theory&#10;D) Labeling theory

Accepted Answer

Labeling theory suggests that when individuals are labeled as criminals or offenders, they may internalize these negative characterizations and adopt them as part of their identity. This can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy in which they continue to engage in criminal behavior, ultimately leading to recidivism.

Question 3

This is the effort to deinstitutionalize delinquent and neglected children.&#10;A) Direct filing&#10;B) Net-widening&#10;C) Diversion&#10;D) commitment

Accepted Answer

Diversion refers to the practice of redirecting youth from formal court processing, and instead offering them opportunities for community-based solutions and programs. Diversion is an effort to deinstitutionalize delinquent and neglected children by finding alternative approaches to punishment that are less likely to involve incarceration or institutionalization. Direct filing refers to prosecutors’ ability to file criminal charges directly against juveniles in adult court. Net-widening refers to expanding the reach of the juvenile justice system to include more youth, often through lower-level offenses or increased surveillance. Commitment refers to the placement of youth in detention facilities, which is the opposite of deinstitutionalization.

Question 4

Which may be the source of a referral?&#10;A) Law enforcement&#10;B) Parents&#10;C) Child welfare agencies&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Referrals may come from various sources, including law enforcement, parents, and child welfare agencies. It is important to consider all potential sources when gathering information and addressing concerns about a child's safety or well-being.

Question 5

Youths older than age 12 may be held in detention for up to two weeks without a court hearing.

Accepted Answer

The specifics of how long a youth can be held in detention without a court hearing vary by jurisdiction, but generally, laws and international human rights standards require that children detained must be brought before a judge or judicial authority promptly, often within 24 to 48 hours, to assess the legality of their detention.

Question 6

Probation is a common method used to divert status offenders or first-time juvenile delinquents from the juvenile court.

Accepted Answer

Probation is often used as an alternative to incarceration for status offenders (offenses that are not considered criminal if committed by an adult, such as truancy or running away) or first-time juvenile offenders who commit minor crimes. It allows the juvenile to remain in their community and receive supervision and support while working to address the behaviors that led to their offense.

Question 7

The juvenile hearing is a criminal proceeding and is not confidential.

Accepted Answer

Juvenile hearings are generally confidential to protect the privacy of the minor involved and are not considered the same as adult criminal proceedings.

Question 8

The standard of proof in an adjudicatory hearing is beyond a reasonable doubt.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The standard of proof in an adjudicatory...

Question 9

Most juvenile delinquents are long-term, chronic, and consistent law violators.

Accepted Answer

Most juvenile delinquents do not continue to offend into adulthood; rather, juvenile delinquency is often a phase that adolescents grow out of, and a small percentage of juveniles are responsible for the majority of serious crimes.

Question 10

One predictor of chronic delinquency is belonging to a youth gang.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that being part of a youth gang is a predictor of chronic delinquency, as gang involvement often leads to continued delinquent behavior and criminal activity.

Deck 12: Juvenile Justice