Question 1

The rule of law is an important differentiating feature between democratic societies and authoritarian ones.

Accepted Answer

The rule of law ensures that all individuals and institutions are subject to the same laws and procedures, and that everyone is equal before the law. It is a fundamental principle in democratic societies and is often lacking in authoritarian ones.

Question 2

As long as human beings have lived in large groups, we have needed this.&#10;A) Sociology&#10;B) Social control&#10;C) Police&#10;D) laws

Accepted Answer

Social control refers to the ways in which a society regulates and controls behavior in order to maintain order and stability. It has been a necessary aspect of human society since the formation of large groups, and has taken many different forms throughout history (including systems of laws, religious codes, cultural norms, and more). Social control is essential for preventing chaos, resolving conflicts, and creating a sense of community and shared values. While police and laws are two specific forms of social control, they are not the only ones, and social control is a broader concept that encompasses many different aspects of social life. Sociology, while related to social control in some ways, is the study of social structures and processes, and is not specifically concerned with how societies regulate behavior.

Question 3

This was an important office in early English policing.&#10;A) Knight&#10;B) Lord&#10;C) King&#10;D) Sheriff

Accepted Answer

The Sheriff was an important office in early English policing, responsible for maintaining law and order in the county. They were appointed by the King and held a wide range of duties, including collecting taxes, summoning juries, and enforcing the law.

Question 4

In the modern United States, this type of law enforcement officer serves areas such as rural townships and is usually elected.&#10;A) Uniformed police officers&#10;B) Shire reeve&#10;C) Neighborhood watchman&#10;D) constable

Accepted Answer

Constables are typically elected law enforcement officers who serve in rural areas and townships. They often have limited jurisdiction and authority compared to uniformed police officers.

Question 5

In early England, a person who caught someone stealing chickens would be required to do this.&#10;A) Kill the offender&#10;B) Call a grand jury&#10;C) Raise a hue and cry&#10;D) Demand an inquest

Accepted Answer

Raising a hue and cry was a common practice in early England where the local community would be alerted by a shout or a bell being rung, and they would join in to apprehend the offender. It was mostly used for minor crimes such as theft, and the perpetrator would be brought before a magistrate for trial. Killing the offender or demanding an inquest would be excessive, and calling a grand jury would involve a more formal investigation than necessary for a minor crime such as chicken theft.

Question 6

This style of policing attempts to address the underlying social problems that contribute to crime by integrating research and scientific problem-solving strategies to analyze instances of crime with the goal of developing more effective response strategies.

A) Legalistic-style policing
B) Zero-tolerance policing
C) Watchman-style policing
D) Problem-oriented policing

Accepted Answer

This is the description of problem-oriented policing, which focuses on identifying and addressing the root causes of crime rather than simply responding to it. It uses data analysis and research to develop targeted strategies and interventions. The other choices do not match this approach.

Question 7

About how many law enforcement agencies are there in the United States?&#10;A) 2,000&#10;B) 18,000&#10;C) 6,000&#10;D) 100,000

Accepted Answer

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, there are approximately 18,000 law enforcement agencies in the United States.

Question 8

While out on patrol, Officer Kealoha spots a group of youths sitting in the back yard of a house and smoking. She takes note of the situation, but because the youths are quiet and minding their own business, she moves on. What type of policing is this the best example of?

A) Problem-solving
B) Legalistic style
C) Watchman style
D) Chicago style

Accepted Answer

This is the best example of the watchman style of policing, which prioritizes maintaining order and preserving the community's quality of life over strictly enforcing the law. Officer Kealoha chose not to intervene because the youths were not causing any disturbances, which is in line with the watchman style's emphasis on discretion and using informal methods to handle minor offenses.

Question 9

This private police force was created by the West India Trading Company in 1798.&#10;A) Bow Street Runners&#10;B) Bobbies&#10;C) Thames River Police&#10;D) West India Company police

Accepted Answer

The Thames River Police, established in 1798 by the West India Trading Company, is considered the world's oldest formal police force, created to combat theft and looting from ships anchored in the Thames River.

Question 10

How did the development of the policing style in the United States differ from English policing style?&#10;A) U.S. policing lacked a single, coherent philosophy&#10;B) The political geography of the United States was large and always expanding.&#10;C) The United States had a large, active immigrant community&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

A) U.S. policing lacked a single, coherent philosophy - While English policing developed according to a clear philosophy and centralized authority, U.S. policing developed more organically with a variety of philosophies and decentralized authority.
B) The political geography of the United States was large and always expanding - The vast size and rapid expansion of the United States made it difficult to implement a national policing strategy, resulting in more localized and varied approaches to policing.
C) The United States had a large, active immigrant community - The unique challenges of policing a rapidly growing and diverse immigrant population in the United States necessitated a different approach than the more homogenous population in England.

Question 11

In the United States, informal policing began here with the establishment of a night watch.&#10;A) NYC in 1650&#10;B) Boston in 1631&#10;C) Philadelphia in 1833&#10;D) Boston in 1838

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the United States, informal policing began...

Question 12

This is a duty of all law enforcement officers.&#10;A) Keep the peace and maintain order&#10;B) Ensure adherence to the law&#10;C) Investigage when laws appear to have been broken&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of This is a duty of all law...

Question 13

One of the founding principles of the United States is that control of government should be as close to the people as possible.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the founding principles of the...

Question 14

At the start of the 20th century, U.S. law enforcement was inefficient and corrupt.

Accepted Answer

The answer of At the start of the 20th century,...

Question 15

Many federal agencies that seem to have nothing to do with law enforcement have their own police forces.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many federal agencies that seem to have...

Question 16

The modern New York City Police Department formed in 1898 when the state legislature ordered local cities, towns, and villages to consolidate into a single city.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The modern New York City Police Department...

Question 17

Federal law enforcement agencies are general-service agencies that engage in order-maintenance policing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Federal law enforcement agencies are general-service agencies...

Question 18

The Secret Service's original task when it was created in 1865 was to control the proliferation of counterfeit money.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Secret Service's original task when it...

Deck 3: Criminal Law, History and Organization of Law Enforcement