Question 1

What research design would generally be conducted over several years?&#10;A) Case study&#10;B) Action research&#10;C) Grounded theory&#10;D) Longitudinal

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal research design is a type of research that is conducted over an extended period of time, often several years or even decades, to observe and gather data on changes in a particular phenomenon or behavior over time. Longitudinal research designs are often used in fields such as psychology, sociology, and education, among others, to study topics such as human development, social change, and educational outcomes.

Question 2

What research design uses the researcher themself as a primary source of data?&#10;A) Ethnography&#10;B) Autoethnography&#10;C) Grounded theory&#10;D) Case study

Accepted Answer

Autoethnography is a type of research design in which the researcher themselves are the primary source of data, as they reflect on and analyze their personal experiences and observations within a specific cultural context. Ethnography may also involve the researcher observing and participating in the culture being studied, but this design typically includes a larger sample size and multiple sources of data. Grounded theory and case study designs can also involve the researcher collecting data themselves, but these designs can use various sources of data, including interviews, observations, and documents.

Question 3

Which research design will generally use a control group?&#10;A) Experimental&#10;B) Case study&#10;C) Ethnography&#10;D) Action research

Accepted Answer

Experimental research designs typically involve manipulating an independent variable to observe its effects on a dependent variable. In order to determine whether the independent variable is truly responsible for changes in the dependent variable, a control group is often used as a baseline comparison group that does not receive the manipulation being studied.

Question 4

Which of the following could be case study research?&#10;A) A survey of players from several leagues&#10;B) An analysis of gender differences in the effect of COVID19 on physical activity&#10;C) A content analysis of government policies on sport and physical activity&#10;D) An analysis of intra-group competition in a sport organisation

Accepted Answer

Case study research typically involves an in-depth analysis of a particular individual, group, or organization. An analysis of intra-group competition in a sports organization would fit this definition and is therefore the best choice. A survey (A), a gender analysis (B), and a content analysis (C) do not necessarily involve an in-depth analysis of a particular case or entity, and thus would not be considered case study research.

Question 5

Which research design seeks explicitly to solve a problem or improve a process?&#10;A) Case study&#10;B) Ethnography&#10;C) Action research&#10;D) Longitudinal research

Accepted Answer

Action research is designed to actively tackle a problem or improve a process. It involves a cyclical process of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting to bring about change. Case study, ethnography, and longitudinal research may also seek to understand or address a problem, but they do not have the same explicit focus on taking action to solve it.

Question 6

Which of the following sampling techniques is not normally associated with quantitative research?&#10;A) Random Sampling&#10;B) Stratified random sampling&#10;C) Systematic sampling&#10;D) Purposive sampling

Accepted Answer

Purposive sampling is typically associated with qualitative research, as it involves selecting participants based on specific criteria or characteristics relevant to the research question. The other three sampling techniques mentioned are commonly used in quantitative research.

Question 7

Which of the following sampling techniques is not normally associated with qualitative research?&#10;A) Random sampling&#10;B) Purposive sampling&#10;C) Snowball sampling&#10;D) Maximum variation sampling

Accepted Answer

Random sampling is typically associated with quantitative research where the aim is to obtain a representative sample of the population being studied. Qualitative research, on the other hand, often uses purposive sampling, snowball sampling, or maximum variation sampling to select participants who have specific characteristics or experiences relevant to the research question.

Question 8

Which of the following methods is more associated with the collection of quantitative data?&#10;A) Questionnaires&#10;B) Interviews&#10;C) Focus Groups&#10;D) Participant observation

Accepted Answer

Questionnaires are specifically designed to collect quantitative data in a standardized way that allows for easy analysis and comparison. Interviews and focus groups can also collect quantitative data, but they are more commonly associated with collecting qualitative data. Participant observation is primarily used to collect qualitative data through observation and engagement with a particular group or community.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about research ethics is true?&#10;A) Participants cannot withdraw from a study once they have started to take part&#10;B) Participants should not be debriefed at the end of the study&#10;C) Participation should always be voluntary and informed&#10;D) Confidentiality is desirable

Accepted Answer

Participation should always be voluntary and informed, meaning participants have the right to choose whether or not to participate, and they have the right to know what the study is about and what will be done with their data. A is incorrect because participants have the right to withdraw from the study at any time. B is incorrect because debriefing is important to explain the study's purpose to participants and address any concerns they may have. D is incorrect because confidentiality is not just desirable, but necessary to protect participants' privacy and encourage honesty in their responses.

Question 10

What should NOT be included in a participant information sheet?&#10;A) The aims of the research&#10;B) The potential risks of the research&#10;C) How the research will be disseminated&#10;D) Details of other potential participants

Accepted Answer

Details of other potential participants should not be included in a participant information sheet to protect their privacy and confidentiality. The other options (A, B, C) are essential elements that inform participants about the study, its risks, and outcomes.

Deck 7: Research Designs and Research Ethics