Question 1

After its long population decline beginning at the time of European contact, what was the approximate size of the Native American population in the United States at its lowest point (1890 CE)?&#10;A) 58,000&#10;B) 101,000&#10;C) 155,000&#10;D) 228,000

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

Since 1970, all projects with federal funding must identify, avoid, or mitigate impacts on archaeological sites, which has resulted in 70% of new careers in archaeology being in the area of __________________.

A) cultural resource management
B) academia (colleges and universities)
C) museum artifact curation
D) historical archive development

A

Accepted Answer

The requirement to identify, avoid, or mitigate impacts on archaeological sites with federal funding has resulted in the development of cultural resource management as a field, making it the best choice for the area of new careers in archaeology.

Question 3

NAGPRA requires that human remains linked to extant Native American groups be offered for repatriation. What else does this act cover?&#10;A) only historic documents&#10;B) only artistic artifacts&#10;C) sacred objects&#10;D) land

Accepted Answer

NAGPRA covers not only human remains, but also sacred objects that are considered culturally significant to Native American tribes. It does not cover historic documents, artistic artifacts, or land.

Question 4

All are significant outcomes of the Bears Ears proclamation, EXCEPT:&#10;A) it came into being through the efforts of a tribally led coalition&#10;B) it sought to give 1.35 million acres to development investors&#10;C) honored the values and priorities of native peoples&#10;D) gave Native Americans a powerful voice in managing and protecting lands.

Accepted Answer

The Bears Ears proclamation sought to protect 1.35 million acres of land, not give them to development investors. A, C, and D are all significant outcomes of the proclamation.

Question 5

Which was the first European city in the Americas?&#10;A) St. Augustine&#10;B) Plymouth&#10;C) Merida&#10;D) La Isabela

Accepted Answer

La Isabela was founded by Christopher Columbus on his second voyage to the Americas in 1493, making it the first European city in the Americas. St. Augustine was founded in 1565 but is considered the oldest continuously inhabited European-established city in the continental United States. Plymouth was founded by English separatists in 1620 but is not considered a city. Merida was founded in 1542 by Francisco Montejo but was not the first European city in the Americas.

Question 6

The Mississippian town of Etowah underwent multiple periods of construction until its final abandonment due to European colonization. What features were consistently present through all its periods of occupation?

A) palisades
B) mounds
C) ring ditches
D) houses

Accepted Answer

Mounds were consistently present through all periods of occupation in Etowah. While palisades, ring ditches, and houses were also important features, they were not necessarily present in all periods of occupation.

Question 7

Santa Catalina de Guale was a hybrid of __________________ and __________________ influences.&#10;A) Spanish colonial; indigenous Mississippian&#10;B) Spanish colonial; British&#10;C) Spanish colonial; Calusa&#10;D) Spanish colonial; French

Accepted Answer

Santa Catalina de Guale was a mission established by Spanish colonial settlers in Georgia, and was influenced by the indigenous Mississippian culture of the region.

Question 8

Which act protects archaeological sites on federal land and authorizes the president to designate national monuments?&#10;A) NAGPRA&#10;B) ARPA&#10;C) Antiquities Act&#10;D) Civil Rights Act

Accepted Answer

The Antiquities Act, passed in 1906, gives the President of the United States the authority to designate protected areas known as national monuments on federal lands. It is primarily used to protect archaeological sites and historic landmarks, as well as natural features like canyons, forests, and wildlife habitats. The Act allows for the preservation of areas that hold significant cultural or historic value for the nation as a whole.

Question 9

Which Act criminalized the looting of artifacts on public or Indian land?&#10;A) Antiquities Act&#10;B) NAGPRA&#10;C) The Archaeological Resource Protection Act&#10;D) The Civil Rights Act

Accepted Answer

The Archaeological Resource Protection Act (ARPA) was enacted in 1979 to combat the increasing problem of archaeological site looting and vandalism. ARPA makes it a federal crime to excavate, remove, damage, or deface any archaeological resource located on public or Indian lands without a permit. ARPA also established a permitting process for legitimate archaeological research and investigation.

Question 10

Who were the first Europeans to contact Native Americans and establish a temporary colony?&#10;A) Spanish&#10;B) Norse&#10;C) French&#10;D) British

Accepted Answer

The Norse, also known as Vikings, were the first Europeans to make contact with Native Americans around the year 1000 AD when they established a temporary colony in Newfoundland, Canada. The Spanish arrived in the Americas in 1492, but they did not make contact with Native Americans until they reached the Caribbean islands. The French arrived in the Americas in the 16th century and established several colonies, but they did not encounter Native Americans until later. The British arrived in the Americas in the early 17th century and established the colony of Jamestown in 1607, but they did not come into contact with Native Americans until shortly after.

Question 11

The two-way flow of domesticates and technology across the Atlantic after 1492 is known as __________________.&#10;A) the Columbian exchange&#10;B) the Atlantic exchange&#10;C) the International Trade Act&#10;D) the East India Company

Accepted Answer

The answer of The two-way flow of domesticates and technology...

Question 12

All items listed are examples of goods introduced from the Americas to Europe after 1492, EXCEPT:&#10;A) tomatoes&#10;B) wheat&#10;C) potatoes&#10;D) chocolate

Accepted Answer

The answer of All items listed are examples of goods...

Question 13

What material culture is associated with the widespread popularity of tobacco in the Americas and eventually in Europe after 1492?&#10;A) lamps&#10;B) cigars&#10;C) fire pits&#10;D) smudging pits

Accepted Answer

The answer of What material culture is associated with the...

Question 14

A &#34;peace pipe&#34; used in social, economic, and political ritual is also referred to as a _________________________.&#10;A) calumet&#10;B) powwow&#10;C) labret&#10;D) midden

Accepted Answer

The answer of A &#34;peace pipe&#34; used in social, economic,...

Question 15

How can an archaeological perspective help address challenges like climate change?&#10;A) it archaeology can't help&#10;B) understanding the effects of short-term changes&#10;C) understanding how everything has remained the same through human history&#10;D) understanding the effects of long-term changes

Accepted Answer

The answer of How can an archaeological perspective help address...

Question 16

The environments of regions that Europeans first colonized in the Americas were never previously modified by humans.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The environments of regions that Europeans first...

Question 17

Over 5 million self-identified Native Americans were registered in the 2000 United States census, which is more than those living in 1492.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Over 5 million self-identified Native Americans were...

Question 18

The traditional customs of communities that no longer speak indigenous languages are often displayed at gatherings called __________________.&#10;A) kivas&#10;B) calumets&#10;C) powwows&#10;D) laprets

Accepted Answer

The answer of The traditional customs of communities that no...

Question 19

Which of the following is a source for testable hypotheses in archaeological research?&#10;A) Only artifacts&#10;B) Only written documents&#10;C) Oral traditions&#10;D) You can't test hypotheses with archaeological research

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a source...

Question 20

What occurred in the 1700s that played a role in Native Americans remaining resilient after subjugation of colonial powers?&#10;A) the introduction of guns and horses&#10;B) the implementation of the Antiquities Act&#10;C) the retreat of European traders from their lands&#10;D) changes to the constitution that gave special status to American Indian nations

Accepted Answer

The answer of What occurred in the 1700s that played...

Question 21

How did European introductions to America after 1492 change material culture traditions in North America?&#10;A) the emergence of hybrid production processes that use native materials and European techniques&#10;B) the emergence of cultural material used to facilitate communication and social interactions with Europeans&#10;C) the emergence of new architectural forms&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of How did European introductions to America after...

Deck 14: Archaeology in the Modern World