Question 1

Why was the construction of irrigation systems in the deserts of the Greater Southwest by the Hohokam culture not as difficult and unlikely as it may seem?&#10;A) The first farmers in the region inherited complex irrigation technology and knowledge from their ancestors.&#10;B) Canals can be dug from fast-flowing rivers using only baskets and digging sticks with gravity as a guide.&#10;C) Frequent rains in the region make it easy to dig canals in soft soil and man-made ponds collect rainwater efficiently.&#10;D) Irrigation systems were not constructed by the people of the Greater Southwest.

Accepted Answer

The Hohokam culture constructed their irrigation systems by digging canals from fast-flowing rivers using only baskets and digging sticks with gravity as a guide. This method is simple and effective, making the construction of irrigation systems not as difficult and unlikely as it may seem.

Question 2

Trade goods from Mesoamerica were brought north to Chaco in exchange for what resource from the Greater Southwest?&#10;A) gold&#10;B) maize&#10;C) hematite&#10;D) turquoise

Accepted Answer

Turquoise was a highly valued resource from the Greater Southwest that was traded with Mesoamerica in exchange for other goods. Chaco Canyon, in particular, was a major center for the production and trade of turquoise.

Question 3

Which of the following Archaic cultures formed the foundation for the Ancestral Pueblo tradition?&#10;A) Basketmaker&#10;B) Mogollon&#10;C) Apache&#10;D) Navajo

Accepted Answer

The Basketmaker culture, which existed in the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States from approximately 1500 BCE to 400 CE, is considered the foundation for the Ancestral Pueblo tradition. The Basketmakers were known for their complex basket weaving techniques and their creation of pit houses, both of which influenced the later Ancestral Pueblo culture. The Mogollon culture, which existed in the area from approximately 200 BCE to 1400 CE, was contemporaneous with the Ancestral Pueblo culture but had its own distinct traditions and style. The Apache and Navajo cultures are both relatively recent arrivals in the region and were not present during the formation of the Ancestral Pueblo tradition.

Question 4

Based on evidence obtained using dendrochronology, what began to plague the Southwest farmers after 1150 CE?&#10;A) heavy rains&#10;B) swarms of locust&#10;C) periodic droughts&#10;D) hailstorms

Accepted Answer

Dendrochronology has shown that after 1150 CE, the Southwest experienced a series of periodic droughts that lasted until the arrival of the Spanish in the late 16th century.

Question 5

What happened to the Ancestral Puebloan peoples living in Mesa Verde communities after AD 1300?&#10;A) They were destroyed by warfare with Mogollon groups.&#10;B) They moved south and east and took up residence in Chaco communities and around the Rio Grande.&#10;C) They stayed in the area but became hunters and gatherers.&#10;D) They moved to the Great Plains.

Accepted Answer

The Ancestral Puebloan peoples living in Mesa Verde communities after AD 1300 moved south and east and took up residence in Chaco communities and around the Rio Grande. This is evidenced by the similarity between the architecture and culture of Chaco Canyon and the earlier Mesa Verde communities.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT part of the &#34;Upper Sonoran Agricultural Complex&#34;?&#10;A) Bottle gourds&#10;B) Maize&#10;C) Manioc&#10;D) Pinto Beans

Accepted Answer

The Upper Sonoran Agricultural Complex includes crops that were cultivated by indigenous peoples in the U.S. Southwest and Mexico during pre-Columbian times. It includes maize, pinto beans, and bottle gourds. However, manioc (also known as cassava) was not part of this complex as it was primarily cultivated in South America.

Question 7

Accumulating evidence indicates that the first farming communities in the American Southwest were likely settled by __________________&#10;A) an offshoot of the Hopewell culture that used their mound-building skills to construct irrigation systems&#10;B) Athapaskan speakers who descend from people who drifted southward from Canada around 1500 CE&#10;C) Spanish colonists who brought with them horses for plowing the land&#10;D) Uto-Aztecan speakers expanding northward out of Mexico

Accepted Answer

The Uto-Aztecan language group has been identified as the most likely ancestors of the first farming communities in the American Southwest. Archaeological and linguistic evidence suggest that these groups moved northward out of what is now Mexico and brought with them agricultural practices that allowed them to develop complex societies in the region.

Question 8

What combination of characteristics makes the archaeological site of Paquim&#233; so unusual and important?&#10;A) Pueblo human and animal burials&#10;B) Pueblo domestic architecture and Mesoamerican influences&#10;C) grain storage and housing structures&#10;D) Pueblo domestic architecture and Navajo influences

Accepted Answer

The combination of Pueblo domestic architecture with Mesoamerican influences is what makes the archaeological site of Paquimé so unusual and important. This unique blend of architectural styles suggests a significant cultural exchange between the Pueblo and Mesoamerican societies.

Question 9

What are archaeologists able to infer about the Mattocks site based on its unique architectural design and artifact assemblage?&#10;A) Few people lived there and had a different social structure compared to other sites.&#10;B) Many people lived there and they were very wealthy.&#10;C) No one lived there and it was only visited seasonally&#10;D) It is exactly the same as other Mimbres classic Pueblo sites.

Accepted Answer

The unique architectural design and artifact assemblage at the Mattocks site suggest a different social structure and possibly a smaller population compared to other sites, indicating specialized or distinct use or organization within the community.

Question 10

Chaco Canyon's political structure was likely organized around __________________&#10;A) ritual&#10;B) elections&#10;C) markets&#10;D) irrigation

Accepted Answer

Chaco Canyon's society was heavily focused on ritual, and it is believed that their political structure revolved around religious leaders and ceremonies. There is no evidence of elections, markets, or irrigation playing a significant role in their politics.

Question 11

What was the likely role of many of Chaco Canyon's outlier communities?&#10;A) craft markets&#10;B) construction quarries&#10;C) waste management&#10;D) food supplier

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was the likely role of many...

Question 12

Many ancestral Pueblo villages included round communal structures called __________________.&#10;A) tepees&#10;B) cairns&#10;C) pithouses&#10;D) kivas

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many ancestral Pueblo villages included round communal...

Question 13

All of the language families from the Greater Southwest are now extinct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the language families from the...

Question 14

Hohokam houses were constructed out of __________________and situated __________________.&#10;A) stone :: below ground&#10;B) wattle and daub :: above ground&#10;C) wattle and daub :: below ground&#10;D) animal hides :: above ground.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hohokam houses were constructed out of __________________and...

Question 15

The earliest evidence of maize was found at which site in the region?&#10;A) Chaco Canyon&#10;B) Paquim&#233;&#10;C) Cerro Juanaqu&#233;na&#10;D) Mesa Verde

Accepted Answer

The answer of The earliest evidence of maize was found...

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of later Mogollon village dwellings?&#10;A) square-shaped&#10;B) shallow&#10;C) above ground&#10;D) contemporaneous with kivas

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT a...

Question 17

The Mimbres culture of the Mogollan tradition is best known for __________________&#10;A) maize agriculture&#10;B) turquoise artifacts&#10;C) elaborately decorated pottery&#10;D) Large-scale irrigation

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Mimbres culture of the Mogollan tradition...

Question 18

Navajo and Apache languages belong to the __________________language family.&#10;A) Nadene&#10;B) Chaco phenomenon&#10;C) Kiowa Tanoan&#10;D) Hohokam

Accepted Answer

The answer of Navajo and Apache languages belong to the...

Question 19

The Navajos and Apaches were NOT responsible for driving out Ancestral Pueblo communities from their lands.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Navajos and Apaches were NOT responsible...

Question 20

Which of the following is not a desert discussed in the unit regarding influences on the Greater Southwest climate?&#10;A) Mojave&#10;B) Baja&#10;C) Sonoran&#10;D) Chihuahuan

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Question 21

The Kachina cult arose during the __________________tradition and is now an important part of __________________ culture.&#10;A) Ancestral Pueblo :: Navajo&#10;B) Mogollon :: Hopi&#10;C) Ancestral Pueblo :: Hopi&#10;D) Hohokam :: Apache

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Kachina cult arose during the __________________tradition...

Deck 10: The Greater Southwest