Deck 12: Religion and Patriarchy

Question 1

Demonstrate how, as religion became more institutionalized and "organized," the position and prestige of women declined.

Answer 1

No Answer.

Question 2

The two most important documents that are used as governing laws for the conduct of Jewish men and women are the

A) Torah and Talmud
B) Koran and Torah
C) New Testament and Talmud
D) Ten Commandments and Torah

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In ancient times, a Jewish woman's duties

A) were confined to the household
B) were wide ranging
C) were primarily in the religious training of daughters
D) included temple work

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Concern for stability in family life led to ____ among the ancient Hebrews

A) illegalization of divorce
B) excessive control over female sexuality
C) early marriage of adolescent children
D) monogamy

Question 5

The "Texts of Terror" testify to the

A) glorification of women
B) widespread abuse of women and girls
C) brutality of males against other males
D) diverse and prestigious roles for women

Question 6

In Christianity, Paul is associated with

A) a Christianity of female subordination
B) the divinely given quality of sexual differences
C) acceptance of women as evangelists and prophets
D) all of the above

Question 7

All but which one of the following can be said to characterize the ministry that Jesus offered to women of biblical times?

A) the option for a monastic life
B) the right of divorce that before had been only the right of men
C) a chance to converse on theological topics
D) an unencumbered (unrestricted) spiritual quest

Question 8

Who can be considered the first prophet and the first Christian of Christianity?

A) Matthew
B) Paul
C) Deborah
D) Mary Magdalene

Question 9

Which group does not ordain women?

A) Church of England
B) Conservative Judaism
C) Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod
D) Episcopalian

Question 10

In alleviating the serious shortage of priests, the Catholic Church is now encouraging ____ to become priests under certain conditions

A) nuns
B) rabbis
C) married men
D) female Episcopal priests

Question 11

Women are more likely than men to

A) read the scriptures
B) pray
C) attend church
D) all of the above

Question 12

Ann Lee founded America's first successful religious commune. This was the

A) Seventh Day Adventists
B) Spiritualist Church
C) Quakers
D) Shakers

Question 13

Research on the religious roles of men and women suggests that

A) men attend religious services in greater numbers than women
B) women express a higher need than men for a religious dimension in their lives
C) women who are leaders in their churches tend to serve on committees related to financial matters
D) all of the above

Question 14

Lehman's research suggests that male and female ministers differ according to their

A) willingness to give power to their congregations
B) approach to preaching
C) involvement in social issues
D) desire for a position of formal authority

Question 15

Liberation theology that interprets the Bible from the perspective of an oppressed group is most compatible with which theoretical perspective?

A) functionalism
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interaction
D) social learning

Question 16

Which branch of Judaism was the first to ordain female rabbis?

A) Orthodox
B) Conservative
C) Reformed
D) None of the above. No branch of Judaism ordains female rabbis.

Question 17

During colonial times, many American women preachers emerged among the _____.

A) Quakers
B) Puritans
C) Native Americans
D) Slaves

Question 18

Feminist theology is

A) anti-Christian
B) ecumenical
C) rigidly traditional
D) based on mother-goddess

Question 19

Paleolithic peoples saw the original source of life as a divine Mother.

Question 20

Religious language uses

A) abstractions from critical appraisals of religious experiences
B) the language of written texts
C) imagery and symbols
D) all of the above

Question 21

In the Catholic church, nuns

A) hold as much spiritual authority as a priest
B) are increasing in number
C) have lower levels of education than most women
D) receive no pension

Question 22

Gynocentrism

A) places male experiences in the center
B) is based on biblical ideals
C) emphasizes female and feminine interests
D) refers to Greek mythology

Question 23

Why would functionalism be the most dominant theoretical perspective in explaining the persistence of gender inequality in religion? How does liberation theology offer a challenge to this perspective?

Question 24

All Muslims interpret the Qur'an in much the same way.

Question 25

Discuss the role of religion in socialization and how it is connected with the institution of the family.

Question 26

Sufism is a female mystical school of Hinduism.

Question 27

How does gendered religion impact the choices men and women make in other aspects of their lives?

Question 28

In the Hindu practice of Sati, widows were expected to be buried alive with their dead husband or to be burned on his funeral pyre.

Question 29

How can women who are of faiths that restrict ordination of women work for gender role change in their respective religions?

Question 30

Which of the following does not belong with the others?

A) gynocentric civilization
B) androcentrism
C) goddess-based religion
D) linking and partnership

Question 31

In the biblical Old Testament, women are often treated as property to be used at will by their fathers, masters, or to entertain male guests.

Question 32

What role does the language of religion play in the perpetuation of stereotypes regarding women? What suggestions would you offer to reduce this stereotyping?

Question 33

According to Davis' book, The First Sex, which discusses the religion of the ancient world,

A) religion was unimportant in ancient civilizations
B) there is evidence of the matriarchal origin of human society
C) male gods were more important than goddesses
D) all of the above

Question 34

In terms of goddess images, what do the most ancient aspects of societies such as Sumer, Babylon, Assyria and Greece have in common?

A) The goddess is a demon-like figure.
B) The goddess is a vengeful figure who must be appeased.
C) The goddess is the creator.
D) The goddess is subservient to a supreme male god.

Question 35

The oldest records of human habitation and the best examples of the goddess as Mother of All are found in

A) the Middle East
B) Africa
C) South America
D) Asia

Question 36

In the Era of Great Purity, a utopian matrilineal society was thought to exist. This is part of which religious tradition?

A) Buddhism
B) Hinduism
C) Taoism
D) Confucianism

Question 37

In India, ancient _____ traditions supported women's quest for enlightenment.

A) Buddhist
B) Hindu
C) Taoist
D) Confucianism

Question 38

The ancient Chinese concept of Yin and Yang emphasized

A) passivity on the part of the female and dominance on the part of the male
B) racial harmony
C) harmonious balance
D) dominance on the part of the female and passivity on the part of the male

Question 39

In general, ancient American Indian cultures had religious practices which emphasized

A) female over male power
B) male over female power
C) male and female power balancing each other
D) the separation of nature with humans

Question 40

Gender complementarity in religion assumes that

A) there is also gender equality
B) males and females have similar religious roles
C) males and females make up for one another's deficiencies
D) men and women work together to overcome deficiencies

Question 41

Sufism

A) is the mystical school of Islam
B) is replete with numerous women saints
C) has shrines to females throughout the Muslim world
D) all of the above

Question 42

Islam introduced changes that were advantageous to women in the area of

A) marriage and divorce
B) politics
C) education
D) the military

Question 43

The key role of women in Islam is

A) as religious leaders
B) to provide male heirs
C) as scholars
D) as courtesans

Question 44

In the pre-Islamic world women held the role of

A) priestesses
B) queens
C) soothsayers
D) all of the above

Question 45

Most Muslim women in the United States

A) expect to earn college degrees
B) stay secluded in the home
C) wear clothing which covers them from head to toe
D) have adopted radical feminist ideology

Question 46

The Hindu ideal is that

A) the genders are meant to be equal
B) the female is the creator
C) the male is the lover
D) the genders are meant to be balanced

Question 47

The Vedas and Upanishads are

A) head coverings worn by Hindi women
B) the oldest Hindu scriptures
C) the inner eyes
D) Hindu norms guarding the chastity of women

Question 48

For Hindi women, the domestic sphere

A) is second only to temple life
B) holds as much prestige as the workplace
C) is the main and often only sphere
D) is the avenue to eternal life

Question 49

Sati is literally translated to mean

A) a woman who burns
B) virtuous woman
C) widow
D) elderly woman