Deck 2: Race/Ethnicity and Stratification

Question 1

When given a choice between creating a nation of freedom and equality for all versus one with freedom for some and slavery for others, Thomas Jefferson chose slavery.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The term ethnic group refers to groups identifiable by their physical traits, such as skin color

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Attitudinal surveys show that most people still do not embrace the value of equality

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The majority of White Americans object to sending their children to schools if more than half of the students are African-American.

Question 5

From 1950 to 2004, the median earnings of African American families in relation to white families increased from 56% to 64%.

Question 6

European colonists learned much about liberty and equality from Native American societies

Question 7

U.S. citizens of Japanese descent were confined by the U. S. government to internment camps located east of the Rocky Mountains during World War II.

Question 8

The guarantee of civil rights enforces equality of opportunity across society.

Question 9

The infant mortality rate of African American babies is still double that of Whites.

Question 10

Racial and ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom do not suffer discrimination similar to that in the U.S.

Question 11

Racial and ethnic categories:

A) should be made more explicit
B) are metaphors for the nation's dilemma.
C) are figments of the imagination
D) are becoming more rigid
E) no longer matter

Question 12

Prejudice refers to people's:

A) ignorance.
B) inability to deal or cope with difference in the way people live.
C) propensity to discriminate against people of other racial, ethnic, or religious groups.
D) hostile attitudes toward others in a different group or toward other groups as a whole.
E) any unnatural bias.

Question 13

In the study of racial and ethnic inequality, "relative change" refers to:

A) a shift in kinship relations, typically experienced by African Americans during slavery
B) a difference in comparison to some other group
C) a difference in the ways people form families
D) an alteration in inequality over time
E) a lack of true, or absolute, change

Question 14

________ refer to citizens' legally guaranteed opportunity to participate equally in the society.

A) Liberty
B) Equality
C) Affirmative action
D) Civil rights
E) Human rights

Question 15

When the Constitution was adopted in 1789, all _________ were able to vote:

A) whites
B) white men
C) Americans
D) Italian-Americans
E) tax-paying property owners

Question 16

In Brown vs. Board of Education the Supreme Court ruled in 1954 that segregated school systems . . .

A) violated the Constitution.
B) were morally wrong.
C) were politically incorrect.
D) are separate but equal.
E) are necessary for the continued health of the nation.

Question 17

Infant mortality rates among African Americans:

A) Produce higher rates of illness in this group
B) Have increased steadily over the last century
C) Have always been less than that of whites
D) Have no relationship to problems of racial inequality
E) Have declined steadily over the last century but remain twice that of whites

Question 18

The level of housing segregation in the United States:

A) Improves the lifestyle of Asian Americans but not white Americans
B) Has been reduced among Mexican Americans
C) Makes all groups happy because they live in separate neighborhoods
D) Is greater for African Americans than any other racial or ethnic group
E) Is no longer an important issue

Question 19

Over the past 50 years,

A) The precent of African Americans working white collar jobs has remained constant
B) The percent of White Americans working white collar jobs has decreased
C) A larger percentage of minorities have become middle class
D) America has become less of a "color-blind" society
E) racial and ethnic inequality has been eliminated

Question 20

In both the United Kingdom and United States:

A) men's unemployment is less than women's.
B) whites are less likely to be unemployed than racial and ethnic minorities
C) infant mortality rates among racial and ethnic minorities have declined steadily over the last century but remain twice that of whites
D) men and women have roughly similar levels of unemployment
E) the unemployment rate of all racial and ethnic groups is about the same

Question 21

All of the following suggest that the United States remains divided along racial and ethnic lines except:

A) poverty
B) residential segregation
C) occupational segregation
D) achievement-oriented ideology
E) income

Question 22

The passage of civil rights laws in the 1960's committed the United States to using achievement-oriented criteria in evaluating people.

Question 23

The term anomie refers to a lack of connection between dominant cultural values and the legitimate means to obtain them.

Question 24

The police are highly respected according to the "code of the street."

Question 25

Carrying a gun can be a form of cultural capital in an anomic context.

Question 26

Murder is now the leading cause of death among African-American men, aged 15-24.

Question 27

There are currently more African-American men in prison that enrolled in college .

Question 28

Drug markets are one consequence of racial discrimination.

Question 29

Alienated people are less likely to use sex as an outlet for anger

Question 30

The reactions to living in an anomic environment are unique to African Americans in the United States.

Question 31

Minority groups do not believe in the American Dream.

Question 32

A(n) _________ setting exists, as people still learn-at home, at school, and in the media-that hard work leads to success, but find they cannot obtain it via employment

A) poor
B) distrusting
C) anomic
D) unfair
E) contagious

Question 33

The following are foreseeable problems that result from built-in restrictions on opportunity:

A) high rates of violence and crime
B) drug selling and use
C) high rates of violence and crime and drug selling and use
D) high rates of violence and crime, drug selling and use, and sexual acting out
E) none of the above

Question 34

The norms embodied in the code of the street dictate:

A) that violence be the first response when disagreements occur
B) that people should carry themselves in an assertive manner that shows a willingness and ability to be violent
C) that people should be civil to one another
D) that people should indicate during interaction whether they belong to "decent" or "street" families
E) that drug dealers should not use violence unless it is absolutely necessary

Question 35

All of the following are true about "street" families except that they:

A) lack jobs
B) lack education
C) comprise the majority of the population in the poorest inner-city areas
D) seek respect as an indicator of self-esteem
E) feel bitter about discrimination

Question 36

In an anomic context, women and girls who have children

A) are otherise considered successful
B) understand the long-term consequences of doing so
C) do so to mark their existence in an environment that denies their significance
D) are very rare
E) are usually happily married

Question 37

The contact hypothesis suggests that the less contact people from different groups have with one another, the more likely are members of the dominant group to display prejudice and discriminate.

Question 38

The Resource Hypothesis suggests that the more people from different groups compete for scarce resources, the more likely they are to band together and "pool" their resources.

Question 39

Most Whites are conscious of the ways the color of their skin affects the treatment they receive by others.

Question 40

One strategy for discrimination in public places is avoidance.

Question 41

As a result of civil rights laws, many of the obvious manifestations of prejudice are gone now.

Question 42

Historically, most whites opposed housing discrimination.

Question 43

While emotionally draining, housing discrimination results in no actual negative financial ramifications.

Question 44

The data suggest that housing discrimination has declined over time.

Question 45

The Contact Hypothesis emphasizes: The less experience people from different groups have with one another, the more likely are members of the dominant group to display:

A) sympathy for members of subordinate groups.
B) prejudice and discrimination toward members of subordinate groups.
C) good will toward members of subordinate groups.
D) curiosity about members of subordinate groups.
E) fear of members of subordinate groups.

Question 46

The resource hypothesis argues that when members of the dominant group want to protect their material interests they develop:

A) rationalizations about those at the bottom which justify discrimination.
B) means for sheltering their wealth, such as banks and savings & loans.
C) means for protecting their children such as private schools.
D) additional resources.
E) ways to share resources with the less fortunate, such as charities.

Question 47

Public place discrimination involves all of the following except:

A) rejection
B) avoidance
C) anomie
D) verbal and nonverbal harassment
E) violence

Question 48

Historically, whites have used _________ to intimidate African American families purchasing a home in white areas

A) high prices
B) inadequate city services, such as sewer and electrical service.
C) signs with racial slurs
D) violence
E) sexual capital

Question 49

Housing discrimination results in ____________ for people of color

A) less access to good schools
B) less access to good jobs
C) higher intrests rates on loans
D) slower acquisition of wealth
E) all of the above

Question 50

African Americans have historically had success comparable to other ethnic groups.

Question 51

African people were lured from their homes to this continent voluntarily by promises of a better life.

Question 52

Many Southern landowners used the law to convert most of the former slaves into sharecroppers and trap them in a system of debt peonage.

Question 53

The Fourteenth Amendment successfully made racial discrimination illegal.

Question 54

Lynching data suggests African Americans were the targets of much violence in the late 1800's and early 1900's.

Question 55

Many Whites still believe it is unfair to do more than guarantee civil rights to the entire population.

Question 56

The reproduction of the class structure means that most whites have a head start in the "race" for success.

Question 57

Institutionalized discrimination refers to the unequal treatment of individuals by corporations.

Question 58

A great deal of racial and ethnic inequality occurs as the unwitting result of individuals acting normally to raise a family and seek success.

Question 59

Even in the absence of prejudice, occupational segregation produces a high level of inequality

Question 60

African Americans relative lack of economic success in comparison to other immigrant groups reflects historical differences in ________________

A) institutional prejudice
B) a selective process whereby African Americans voluntarily form lasting, close-nit communities.
C) conditions of settlement, prejudice and discrimination, and affirmative action.
D) magnetic anomalies in the earth's crust.
E) the tendency to avoid white people.

Question 61

________________ refers to the situation in a group's homeland and the United States at the time of immigration.

A) Real estate rates
B) Immigration rates
C) Forced dislocation
D) Naturalization
E) Conditions of settlement

Question 62

______________ stimulated economic development early in United States history.

A) Forced labor, such as slavery
B) Mutual funds
C) The exchange of information between companies
D) Walking upright
E) The decline of agriculture

Question 63

Racial and ethnic relations can be seen in terms of fairness or morality, but the underlying political issue that determines what laws exist is _______________.

A) affirmative action
B) political correctness.
C) political funding.
D) power.
E) God's will.

Question 64

Historically, the greater the proportion of African American citizens in an area:

A) the less educational opportunity available to them
B) the more educational opportunities available to them.
C) the lower the likelihood of public discrimination.
D) the fewer job opportunities will be available for whites.
E) the higher the moral standards of the community.

Question 65

Who you know constitutes a form of _____________ that enhances opportunities for success.

A) institutionalized discrimination
B) social capital
C) affirmative action
D) ethnic capital
E) cultural capital

Question 66

Today, continued racial and ethnic stratification reflects:

A) prejudice and stereotyping
B) alternative lifestyles
C) the stupidity of most people
D) institutional discrimination, and its main component affirmative action.
E) the reproduction of the class structure and institutionalized discrimination.