Deck 10: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Question 1

Janice came to her local hospital tonight because she feels beetles crawling around inside her body. With the exception of numerous scratch marks, no medical abnormalities were found. Janice remains convinced that she is infested with beetles. What type of hallucinations is she experiencing?

A) Visual
B) Olfactory
C) Gustatory
D) Somatic

Answer 1

Somatic

Question 2

James, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, believes he is being controlled by others through a radio that has been inserted into his brain. James is exhibiting which type of symptoms?

A) Olfactory
B) Catatonic
C) Influence
D) Residual

Answer 2

Influence

Question 3

The term schizophrenia was coined by

A) Emil Kraepelin.
B) Sigmund Freud.
C) Eugen Bleuler.
D) Carl Jung.

Answer 3

Eugen Bleuler.

Question 4

Select the following statement about psychotic disorders that is TRUE.

A) Schizophrenia is the only disorder that involves psychotic symptoms.
B) Psychotic experiences are only found in psychological disorders.
C) The presence of hallucinations and delusions alone does not indicate the presence of schizophrenia.
D) Most people experience transient psychotic states and do not meet the criteria for schizophrenic disorder.

Question 5

The Secret Service has brought Ben to the emergency room of a local hospital for a psychiatric evaluation. He was found trying to scale the fence that surrounds the White House and insists that he is the President of the United States. Family members confirm that Ben is being treated for schizophrenia. What type of delusion is Ben experiencing?

A) Influence
B) Self-significance
C) Persecution or paranoid
D) Somatic

Question 6

The three symptom categories in schizophrenia are

A) positive symptoms, neutral symptoms, and cognitive impairments.
B) positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive impairments.
C) negative symptoms, neutral symptoms, and cognitive impairments.
D) negative symptoms, positive symptoms, and affect regulation.

Question 7

The most common type of hallucinations is

A) visual.
B) auditory.
C) tactile.
D) olfactory.

Question 8

Gloria, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, is experiencing delusions that are both persecutory and frightening in nature. Her symptoms would indicate she is____________

A) having paranoid delusions.
B) having visual hallucinations.
C) having somatic delusions.
D) catatonic.

Question 9

An older woman frantically calls the State Attorney's Office to report someone trying to "control" her by broadcasting messages through her television. Highly agitated, she requests a thorough investigation. The content of this call typifies

A) thought withdrawal.
B) hallucinations of influence.
C) delusions of influence.
D) consciousness withdrawal.

Question 10

Positive symptoms refer to the

A) presence of behaviors, thoughts, or feelings that are absent in people who do not have a psychiatric illness.
B) absence of behaviors, thoughts, or feelings that are present in people who do not have a psychiatric illness.
C) set of behaviors that people most associate with schizophrenia and include blunted affect, psychomotor retardation, and anhedonia.
D) set of behaviors that people least associate with schizophrenia and include hallucinations, delusions, and a short attention span.

Question 11

Jack, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, has strange speech patterns. He takes long pauses during conversations and says things like, "I was in 5ᵗʰ grade once. I'm the oldest child in the family. Children like a good parade. The show must go on!" Jack is exhibiting __________

A) paranoia.
B) disorganized thinking.
C) waxy flexibility.
D) catatonia.

Question 12

The most common type of delusions seen in schizophrenia is

A) persecution.
B) influence.
C) self-significance.
D) bodily sensations (somatic).

Question 13

Gary, a schizophrenic patient at a psychiatric hospital, hums very loudly when others are around. He explained to staff that this helps limit the ability of others to read his mind. What type of delusions is Gary experiencing?

A) Influence
B) Self-significance
C) Persecution or paranoid
D) Somatic

Question 14

The original name for schizophrenia, dementia praecox, was coined by

A) Emil Kraepelin.
B) Sigmund Freud.
C) Eugen Bleuler.
D) Carl Jung.

Question 15

Psychotic disorders are characterized by unusual thinking, distorted perceptions, and

A) criminality.
B) suspicion of others.
C) split personality.
D) odd behaviors.

Question 16

Hallucinations that involve the sense of taste are called

A) auditory.
B) visual.
C) olfactory.
D) gustatory.

Question 17

The word schizophrenia is a combination of two Greek words that mean

A) multiple minds.
B) multiple thought processes.
C) split mind.
D) multiple personalities.

Question 18

Lois, a resident at a group home for people with schizophrenia, refuses to eat food or take her medications because she believes the staff is poisoning her. What type of delusions is Lois experiencing?

A) Influence
B) Self-significance
C) Persecution or paranoid
D) Somatic

Question 19

People diagnosed with schizophrenia have

A) split personalities but not multiple personalities.
B) multiple personalities but not split personalities.
C) both split and multiple personalities.
D) neither split nor multiple personalities.

Question 20

"See the sun, Bobby run, lobby, slobby hobo." This statement is an example of

A) clang association.
B) psychomotor retardation.
C) thought blocking.
D) loose association.

Question 21

One positive symptom of schizophrenia is:

A) anhedonia.
B) psychomotor retardation.
C) apathy.
D) catatonia.

Question 22

Deficits in executive functioning are one example of a(n) _____ impairment often seen in schizophrenia.

A) cognitive
B) positive
C) affective
D) negative

Question 23

Although many advances have occurred in the treatment of schizophrenia,

A) treatments discovered in the 1960's are still the most effective.
B) the long-term outcome for patients is still quite poor.
C) few treatments, if any, are effective for hallucinations.
D) treatments must be applied within the early days of the disorder if there is any hope for them to be effective.

Question 24

Even though various ethnic and racial groups around the world exhibit similar symptoms of schizophrenia, in the United States, ____________ are more likely to be diagnosed with the disorder, especially when the diagnosis is based upon clinicians using an unstructured clinical interview.

A) Latinos
B) African Americans
C) Caucasians
D) Asians

Question 25

The onset of schizophrenia can occur suddenly or take several months/years to fully develop into the disorder. When the latter occurs, a person often proceeds through the following phases (in order)

A) prodromal, acute, and residual.
B) acute, residual, and prodromal.
C) residual, prodromal, and acute.
D) acute, prodromal, and residual.

Question 26

What is the approximate prevalence rate of schizophrenia in any given culture?

A) 1%
B) 5%
C) 10%
D) 20%

Question 27

The inability to make or follow through on plans is called

A) anhedonia.
B) avolition.
C) alogia.
D) affective flattening.

Question 28

One symptom of schizophrenia is the ability to be "posed" in a certain position by another person and remaining in that position until "reposed." This symptom is called

A) catatonia.
B) loose association.
C) waxy flexibility.
D) psychomotor retardation.

Question 29

Patients with schizophrenia are at high risk for victimization because they frequently live in unsafe conditions and

A) are required to commute longer distances to work.
B) cognitive impairments make them easy targets.
C) speech abnormalities make it difficult to report their crimes.
D) suffer from medical conditions that make them dependent on caretakers.

Question 30

Of the following schizophrenia subtypes, which is characterized by only negative symptoms or previous positive symptoms that have lessened in severity or frequency?

A) Undifferentiated
B) Catatonic
C) Disorganized
D) Residual

Question 31

All of the following psychological disorders commonly co-occur with schizophrenia. Which is the most common?

A) Substance abuse
B) Depression
C) Anxiety
D) PTSD

Question 32

Treatment of schizophrenia should begin as soon as possible after symptoms appear because

A) drug treatments are less effective over time.
B) delay increases the severity of the functional impairment.
C) early treatment is often completely curative.
D) prompt intervention always leads to fewer inpatient hospitalizations.

Question 33

Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia

A) tend to be rather short term.
B) are not present at the beginning of schizophrenic disorder.
C) are one of the earliest signs of schizophrenia.
D) can be diagnosed only through neuropsychological tests.

Question 34

One negative symptom of schizophrenia is:

A) hallucinations.
B) delusions.
C) alogia
D) catatonia.

Question 35

The____________ hypothesis is a theory that attempts to explain how drugs and/or alcohol can be used in an attempt to alleviate symptoms of schizophrenia.

A) dopamine
B) serotonin
C) substance abuse
D) self-medication

Question 36

Select the statement below that is TRUE of schizophrenia in the U.S.

A) Both rates and symptoms are equally common across all ethnic groups.
B) Rates of diagnosis for African Americans are lower than for whites.
C) Both rates and symptoms are higher for Latino patients than other ethnic groups.
D) Rates of diagnosis are not equally common among ethnic groups.

Question 37

Negative symptoms refer to the

A) presence of behaviors, thoughts, or feelings that are absent in people who do not have a psychiatric illness.
B) absence of behaviors, thoughts, or feelings that are present in people who do not have a psychiatric illness.
C) set of behaviors that are least associated with schizophrenia and include a short attention span, the inability to solve problems and make decisions, and difficulty processing information.
D) set of behaviors that are most associated with schizophrenia and include delusions, hallucinations, and speech abnormalities.

Question 38

The inability to feel joy, happiness, or pleasure is called

A) anhedonia.
B) avolition.
C) alogia.
D) affective flattening.

Question 39

The case of Elyn Saks, a college professor described in Real People, Real Disorders, in your text highlights

A) manageability of schizophrenia through active control.
B) a tragic story of schizophrenia developing late in life.
C) the effectiveness of shock treatment for schizophrenia.
D) the importance of family as social support in overcoming schizophrenia.

Question 40

A child who truly believes that if she steps on a crack she'll break her mother's back exhibits

A) perceptual disturbances.
B) referential ideas.
C) magical thinking.
D) wishful thinking.

Question 41

Which of the following limits schizophrenic patients' ability to recall aspects of their personal history accurately?

A) Affective modulation
B) Cognitive deficits
C) Neurotransmitter deficiencies
D) Hallucinatory interference

Question 42

Decreased amounts of ____________ and ____________ are thought to be contributing factors in the development of the cognitive impairments of schizophrenia.

A) glutamate, serotonin
B) serotonin, dopamine
C) dopamine, glutamate
D) GABA, glutamate

Question 43

When schizophrenia is diagnosed in childhood,

A) the disorder is more severe and has a poorer outcome.
B) patients who receive adequate treatment usually improve in adolescence.
C) the disorder is usually linked to family environment.
D) drug treatments are rarely effective.

Question 44

____________ refers to the passing of genetic material from one family member to another.

A) Gene-environment correlation
B) Indirect transmission
C) Concordance rate
D) Direct transmission

Question 45

Nicole, a 23-year old graduate student, is convinced that she contracted mad cow disease while studying in Great Britain. She has seen many doctors, including neurologists, who all confirm that she is healthy. Despite their reassurances, Nicole continues to believe that she is ill and plans to continue her "doctor shopping" until she is diagnosed with the disease. Nicole does not report any disruptions in her academic, social, or work life. Given this information, Nicole's diagnosis would be

A) schizoaffective disorder.
B) schizophreniform disorder.
C) delusional disorder.
D) shared psychotic disorder.

Question 46

Low levels of ____________ and ____________ are thought to be contributing factors in the development of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

A) glutamate, serotonin
B) serotonin, dopamine
C) dopamine, glutamate
D) GABA, glutamate

Question 47

The onset of schizophrenia occurs after age 40 in ____ of patients.

A) 13%
B) 23%
C) 33%
D) 43%

Question 48

In the movie Bug, Agnes becomes involved with a drifter named Peter. Agnes soon learns that Peter believes he has been infected with bugs as part of a secret government experiment. As the movie progresses, the couple becomes increasingly isolated and Agnes becomes convinced that Peter has infected her as well. The couple's behavior quickly spirals out of control and their mental states deteriorate. Assuming there was no government experiment and no such bugs, given this information, a doctor would most likely diagnose Agnes with

A) schizoaffective disorder.
B) schizophreniform disorder.
C) delusional disorder.
D) shared psychotic disorder.

Question 49

Researchers from a Danish study discussed in your text videotaped children ages 11 to 13 while they were eating lunch at school. The children's behavior was rated in several categories, including sociability, involuntary movement, and general neuromotor signs. When compared with people who were diagnosed with a different psychiatric disorder, researchers found that adults who developed schizophrenia

A) had more subtle general neuromotor abnormalities as children.
B) frequently displayed disruptive outbursts during childhood.
C) exhibited the same degree of sociability in childhood as the other children in the study.
D) experienced psychotic symptoms in childhood.

Question 50

Excessive amounts of ____________ in the limbic area are thought to be one of the contributing factors in the development of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

A) glutamate
B) serotonin
C) dopamine
D) GABA

Question 51

Julie's younger sister died suddenly from an undiagnosed heart defect. The next day, Julie fell into a trance-like state. Two days later, Julie became reanimated and began experiencing auditory hallucinations. Concerned for her well-being, Julie's family took her to the local hospital. After a week of inpatient care, Julie started acting like her old self again. Given this information, Julie's diagnosis would be

A) delusional disorder.
B) schizoaffective disorder.
C) schizophreniform disorder.
D) brief psychotic disorder.

Question 52

When a person is under the age of 18 years and is diagnosed with schizophrenia, the disorder is called

A) childhood-induced schizophrenia.
B) adolescence-induced schizophrenia.
C) pre-adult schizophrenia.
D) early-onset schizophrenia.

Question 53

Celebrity stalkers who are diagnosed with delusional disorder often experience delusions with a/an ____________ theme.

A) grandiose
B) erotomanic
C) jealous
D) persecutory

Question 54

Genetically speaking, if both parents are diagnosed with schizophrenia, there is a ____________ chance of their child also developing the disorder.

A) 0 %
B) 15 %
C) 50 %
D) 100 %

Question 55

Genetically speaking, if one parent is diagnosed with schizophrenia, there is a ____________ chance of their child also developing the disorder.

A) 0 %
B) 15 %
C) 50 %
D) 100 %

Question 56

In Real People, Real Disorders, the case of Andrea Yates is presented. She is the mother who drowned her five children while suffering from postpartum psychosis. According to your authors, the risk for postpartum psychosis is higher among women who

A) experience difficult pregnancies and births.
B) have been diagnosed before pregnancy as having schizoaffective disorder.
C) have a preexisting psychological disorder and/or experience a stressful life event.
D) experience a highly stressful life event just before delivery.

Question 57

Researchers from a Danish study discussed in your text videotaped children ages 11 to 13 while they were eating lunch at school. The children's behavior was rated in several categories, including sociability, involuntary movement, and general neuromotor signs. When compared with people who either had a different psychiatric disorder or no disorder at all, researchers found that adults who developed schizophrenia

A) had significantly less abnormal movements in childhood.
B) had disruptive behavioral outbursts as children.
C) were significantly less sociable as children.
D) showed abnormal cognitive functioning in childhood.

Question 58

Research on the biological causes of schizophrenia has mainly focused on neurotransmitters associated with

A) negative symptoms.
B) positive symptoms.
C) cognitive impairments.
D) social cognition.

Question 59

In ____________ disorder patients exhibit symptoms of both schizophrenia and mood disorders.

A) schizoaffective
B) schizophreniform
C) delusional
D) shared psychotic

Question 60

Except for the length of the disorder and the degree of functional impairment, ____________ and schizophrenia have the same symptomatology.

A) delusional disorder
B) schizoaffective disorder
C) schizophreniform disorder
D) brief psychotic disorder

Question 61

The classic "schizophrenogenic mother" was thought to be either a cause of or a response to the presence of schizophrenia in a child. Which of the following descriptions depicts this type of mothering?

A) Submissive, Dismissive, and Demanding
B) Overprotective, Dominant, and Rejecting
C) Tolerant, Extroverted, and Obedient
D) Acquiescent, Rejecting, and Dismissive

Question 62

The term "expressed emotion" is used to describe the ________ and _____ found among family members of persons with schizophrenic disorder.

A) level of emotional involvement; critical attitudes
B) degree of attachment; tolerant attitudes
C) frequency of negative comments; approach behaviors
D) frequency of positive statements; defensive behaviors

Question 63

Compared with people who do not have schizophrenia, synaptic pruning occurs ________ in people who do have the disorder.

A) at a slower rate
B) at a faster rate
C) at the same rate
D) irregularly

Question 64

A serious side effect associated with typical antipsychotic medications is a neurological condition characterized by abnormal and involuntary movements. This condition is called

A) dementia.
B) amnesia.
C) tardive dyskinesia.
D) tardive akathisia.

Question 65

MRI studies have demonstrated that changes in ventricle size and gray matter quantity among people with schizophrenia

A) occur before the emergence of the disorder.
B) occur as a result of the disorder.
C) always lead to the development of the disorder.
D) never lead to the development of the disorder.

Question 66

Approximately ______ of schizophrenic patients never take their medication or fail to take it as prescribed.

A) 20%
B) 50%
C) 90%
D) 30%

Question 67

The surgical procedure once administered in the hope of severing faulty neural connections that were thought to cause psychotic behavior is known as a

A) lobotomy.
B) trephination.
C) craniotomy.
D) craniectomy.

Question 68

While a person's genetic makeup may contribute to the development of schizophrenia, it is not the only cause. A Finnish research study discussed in the text examined a national sample of children who were adopted away at birth. Children born to mothers with schizophrenia were compared with others who were born to mothers without the disorder. The results of this study demonstrate that a child's ____________ is a contributing factor in the development of the disorder.

A) school environment
B) family environment
C) work environment
D) extracurricular environment

Question 69

The treatment of choice for schizophrenia is

A) surgery.
B) medication.
C) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
D) dialectal-behavioral therapy.

Question 70

When a person provides both the genetic makeup and the environment in which another person lives, it is called

A) direct transmission.
B) indirect transmission.
C) concordance rate.
D) gene-environment correlation.

Question 71

Between _____% and _____% of people with schizophrenia continue to experience hallucinations despite taking antipsychotic medications.

A) 10;20
B) 20; 50
C) 25; 35
D) 50; 65

Question 72

Antipsychotic medications work by blocking ____________ receptors.

A) dopamine
B) serotonin
C) epinephrine
D) glutamate

Question 73

Medications that were widely available before the 1990s and that are effective in reducing only the ____________ symptoms of schizophrenia are called ____________.

A) negative, typical antipsychotics
B) negative, atypical antipsychotics
C) positive, typical antipsychotics
D) positive, atypical antipsychotics

Question 74

The process whereby weaker neural connections are eliminated and stronger neural connections are further enhanced is called

A) neural shearing.
B) neural pruning.
C) synaptic elimination.
D) synaptic pruning.

Question 75

The two structural brain abnormalities that are consistently found in schizophrenics are

A) decreased size of brain ventricles and increased amounts of gray matter.
B) decreased size of brain ventricles and decreased amounts of gray matter.
C) increased size of brain ventricles and increased amounts of gray matter.
D) increased size of brain ventricles and decreased amounts of gray matter.

Question 76

Prenatal exposure to the ____________ virus is thought to be a contributing factor in the development of schizophrenia.

A) herpes
B) human immunodeficiency
C) West Nile
D) influenza

Question 77

The theory that suggests a combination of genetic and prenatal/perinatal factors lays the foundation for the development of schizophrenia is called the

A) neurodevelopmental model.
B) gene-environment correlation.
C) serotonin-developmental model.
D) dopamine-developmental model.

Question 78

Relatives of patients with schizophrenia, although not themselves diagnosed with the disorder, are often found to have

A) a history of prenatal abnormality.
B) traits associated with schizophrenia, such as poor social cognition.
C) a dominant, overprotective personality.
D) cultural beliefs that schizophrenic behaviors are acceptable.

Question 79

With regard to the direct transmission of schizophrenia,

A) a direct link between the disorder and specific genes has been found.
B) results have been repeatedly replicated in multiple research studies.
C) no conclusive link has been established since research study outcomes have not been consistently replicated.
D) everyone with specific gene mutations develops the disorder.

Question 80

Medications developed in the 1990s that are effective in treating the positive symptoms of schizophrenia and somewhat effective in treating negative symptoms and cognitive impairments are called

A) typical antipsychotics.
B) atypical antipsychotics.
C) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
D) dopamine agonists.