Deck 16: An Evaluation: Psychologys Promising Past and Enigmatic Future

Question 1

Among the social problems that have been the focus of federally funded research are illiteracy, prejudice, poverty, and conflict.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

One of the major foci of psychology instruction during the twentieth century has been improvement in the morals of college students.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

An emphasis on evidence-based practice has become a goal of the professional practice of psychology during the early twenty-first century.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Alan Kazdin, a recent president of the APA, argued that psychology should direct more effort at coping with "global challenges" such as pollution, life style and physical health, and environmental sustainability, all of which have major behavioral components.

Question 5

The practice of psychology during the early twenty-first century has been devoted almost exclusively to psychopathology and counseling.

Question 6

The APA early in the twenty-first century suffered from some financial problems as well as difficulties in increasing its membership.

Question 7

Behavioral scientists in general now tend to identify themselves primarily as psychologists.

Question 8

The efforts of the APA early in the twenty-first century to encourage psychology as a positive "brand" have been quite successful.

Question 9

Membership in the APA's divisions devoted primarily to research was growing during the first decade of the twenty-first century.

Question 10

The heyday of psychology as an integrated discipline may have passed.

Question 11

During the 21st century, psychology was successfully applied in

A) all of these
B) industry
C) military service
D) education

Question 12

NSF, NIH, NIMH and other federal agencies have provided funding for research on the problem of

A) all of these
B) illiteracy
C) poverty
D) conflict

Question 13

There was a general expectation late in the 20th century that psychology could

A) all of these
B) help deal with societal problems
C) improve safety by applying findings from human engineering
D) improve industrial production and worker morale

Question 14

The Skinnerian analysis of behavior has been applied to

A) maintaining order in school settings
B) basing psychological practice on an evidence-based foundation
C) resolving cognitive dissonance
D) improving the fit between worker characteristics and the requirements of specialized job settings

Question 15

Decision makers such as state and federal legislators

A) do not appear to have been convinced of the potential value of psychology in coping with pressing political problems
B) are generally aware of the value of behavioral research in dealing with societal problems
C) have strongly supported funding for psychological research on global challenges such as climate change and environmental sustainability
D) have increased their awareness of the value of behavioral science during the last few decades

Question 16

Membership of psychologists has been growing in

A) specialized societies involving psychology only
B) the APA
C) the divisions of the APA
D) the American Society for Psychotherapy

Question 17

Empirical evidence has documented a strong relationship between

A) vehicle accidents and driver texting or cell phone use
B) psychologists' performance on state tests for licensure of psychologists and their success in dealing with clients
C) competence in the use of modern computers and competence in performing tasks requiring critical thinking
D) using projective tests on aspiring airline pilots and reducing the likelihood that they will suffer from the illusion that the angle of descent onto a landing strip is less steep than it actually is

Question 18

A large proportion of behavioral scientists nowadays prefer to identify themselves as

A) natural scientists
B) psychologists
C) members of the APA
D) mental health experts

Question 19

A large proportion of practicing professional psychologists nowadays prefer to identify themselves as

A) experts in mental health
B) psychologists
C) psychiatrists
D) members of the APA

Question 20

The text A Brief History of Psychology ends with a plea for

A) psychological organizations to devote more effort to convincing the public and legislators of the value of psychological research
B) more federal support for psychotherapy
C) a reduction in the use of the term "psychology" from its current overextended usage
D) psychologists to undertake renewed efforts to reintegrate the field

Question 21

How could behavioral science contribute to the reduction of industrial and vehicular accidents?

Question 22

Characterize "the practice of psychology," broadly conceived.

Question 23

What is the relationship between twenty-first century academic psychology and the lay popular image of psychology?

Question 24

How has Skinner's analysis of behavior been applied in dealing with societal problems?

Question 25

Funding for research on such social issues as prejudice, illiteracy, poverty, and conflict was provided during the mid-20^th century by which federal agencies?

Question 26

Helping people change their life style so as to improve their physical health is a major focus of which specialty in psychology?

Question 27

The application of psychology to issues of worker productivity and morale is a task of what specialty in psychology?

Question 28

What has been happening to the membership of the APA during the last few decades?

Question 29

What is the empirical relationship between texting or cell phone use while driving and accidents?
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Answers to short answer questions for Chapter 16: An Evaluation: Psychology's Promising Past and Enigmatic Future

Question 30

How could behavioral science contribute to the enhancement of physical health?

Question 31

How can behavioral science contribute to military efforts?

Question 32

How has federal funding (NSF, NIH, etc.) affected psychological research?

Question 33

What is "evidence-based practice," and how has it changed the practice of psychology?

Question 34

Describe the deterioration of the term "psychology" during the last few decades.

Question 35

How could behavioral science contribute to environmental sustainability?

Question 36

How has psychology contributed to the reduction of airplane and automobile accidents?

Question 37

How has the membership of the APA changed during the last few decades?

Question 38

What does the text recommend for enhancing the future of psychology?

Question 39

Summarize how psychology's past was promising but its future is enigmatic.